麻疹と麻疹の免疫は,ヒト免疫不全ウイルスに感染した小児に感染しています
1Deparment of Pediatrics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.
JAMA
|May 5, 1989
まとめ
ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) の小児における麻疹ワクチン接種は,効果は低かったが,安全であった. ワクチンの失敗のリスクがあるため,暴露後の免疫グロブリンが推奨されます.
科学分野:
- 小児科は小児科です.
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
背景:
- 麻疹は,ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) を含む免疫不全児に深刻なリスクをもたらします.
- 以前の麻疹予防接種は,HIVに感染した子供に対する保護を保証するものではありませんが,前回のワクチン接種にもかかわらず,重症な症例や死亡が証明されています.
研究 の 目的:
- HIV感染児における麻疹ワクチン接種のリスクとメリットを評価する.
- この脆弱な集団における麻疹ワクチンの免疫性および安全性を評価する.
主な方法:
- HIV感染児における麻疹ワクチン接種に関する遡及的および展望的研究.
- 抗体レベルは,酵素関連免疫吸収検査 (ELISA) と血液凝固抑制 (HAI) によって測定された.
主要な成果:
- 4人のHIV感染児の麻疹感染は,予防接種を前にしても,3人の重症肺炎,1人の死亡につながった.
- 低濃度の麻疹抗体レベルは,ワクチン接種後 (25%の予備群) とワクチン接種前 (12.5%の予備群) で検出されました.
- ELISA検査の結果は陰性だが,HAI検査の結果は陽性であり,免疫能力が不十分であることを示す,ワクチンの失敗は,ELISA検査の結果は陰性だが,HAI検査の結果は陽性であった小児で発生した.
結論:
- HIVに感染した小児の麻疹ワクチン接種は,低免疫性およびワクチンの失敗を示しています.
- 低効力にもかかわらず,このワクチンは安全であるように思われ,潜在的に致命的な麻疹疾患の文脈でその使用を支持しています.
- ワクチン接種による免疫力だけでは信頼できないため,HIVに感染したすべての子供に対して,被動的暴露後の免疫グロブリン予防が推奨されます.
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