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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The Tumor Microenvironment

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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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微生物群と抗がん免疫監視

Laurence Zitvogel1, Maha Ayyoub1, Bertrand Routy1

  • 1INSERM, U1015, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 95800 Villejuif, France; University of Paris Sud XI, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer, 95800 Villejuif, France.

Cell
|April 9, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

微生物群は癌に対する 身体の自然な防御に 大きく影響します 腸内細菌の相互作用を理解することで 新しいがん治療法や予防策が生まれます

キーワード:
癌についてチェックポイントブロック免責権免疫療法微生物群病原体認識受容体腫瘍に関連した抗原

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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 微生物学
  • 腫瘍学

背景:

  • 抗がん免疫反応は有益な自己免疫の一形態である.
  • 免疫系の機能の形成に 微生物群が重要な役割を果たします
  • 微生物群と抗腫瘍免疫の相互作用は 新興の研究分野です

研究 の 目的:

  • 抗腫瘍免疫監視に対する 微生物群の影響を検証する
  • 癌の免疫に微生物群が 影響するメカニズムを提案する
  • 癌の治療に 微生物群をターゲットにする可能性を 強調するためです

主な方法:

  • 既存の研究の文献レビューと合成.
  • 抗腫瘍免疫に対する微生物の影響のメカニズムを推測する.
  • 微生物群の間接的・遠隔的影響について

主要な成果:

  • 微生物群は反腫瘍免疫監視に間接的に影響を与える.
  • メカニズムには,T細胞に影響する微生物と腫瘍の抗原の交叉反応が含まれます.
  • 微生物製品はパターン認識受容体を通して 免疫反応を調節することができます

結論:

  • 微生物群は 癌の免疫監視を大きく左右します
  • これらの相互作用を理解することは 新しいがん治療法の開発の鍵です
  • 微生物群の調節は 癌の予防と治療に 有望な道を示しています