上層地殻のマグマ貯蔵庫の進化における泡の蓄積とその役割
A Parmigiani1,2, S Faroughi2,3, C Huber2,3
1Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
Nature
|April 14, 2016
まとめ
火山の噴火は硫黄を大量に放出し,地球を冷却する. この研究は,結晶が少ないマグマに,マグマの揮発性相が蓄積する方法を明らかにし,爆発的な噴火の間に高硫黄の放出を説明しています.
科学分野:
- 火山学
- 地化学
- 流体力学
背景:
- 大規模なシリコン爆発は 硫黄を放出し 地球を冷却します
- 結晶が少ないマグマは 結晶が豊富なマグマよりも 噴火する傾向があります
- 観測された硫黄の放出は,溶融で蓄積された推定値を超えています.
研究 の 目的:
- 浅いシリコンマグマの噴火の可能性を評価する.
- 揮発性物質の放出に関する理論的限界を決定する.
- 水晶の少ない噴火で高硫黄の放出を説明する.
主な方法:
- マグマ質の揮発性相 (MVP) 輸送の流体力学を調査した.
- 結晶が豊富で,結晶が少ないマグマのMVPの振る舞いを分析した.
- 毛細血管のストレスと粘度コントラストの相互作用を調べた.
主要な成果:
- マグマの揮発性相 (MVP) は,結晶に富んだマグマに効率的に移動する.
- MVPは水晶が少ないマグマ貯蔵庫に蓄積される.
- この蓄積は,爆発的な噴火の間に過剰な硫黄の放出を説明します.
結論:
- ゾーン化されたマグマ貯水池におけるマグマの揮発性相 (MVP) の振る舞いは鍵となる.
- 水晶が豊富な地域でのMVPの効率的な移動と,水晶が少ない地域での蓄積は直感に反しています.
- 結晶が少ないマグマに蓄積されたMVPは,高硫黄の放出と噴火の可能性を駆動します.
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