ヘルミント感染症は,タイプ2の免疫を介してコロニー化抵抗性を促進する

Deepshika Ramanan¹, Rowann Bowcutt², Soo Ching Lee³

¹Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 16, 2016

まとめ

ヘルミンス感染症はクローン病の感受性遺伝子を持つマウスを有益な細菌の増殖によって腸内炎症から守りますこれは衛生仮説,微生物の変化,炎症性腸疾患との関連を示唆しています.

科学分野:

免疫学
微生物学
胃腸内科

背景:

クローン病を含む炎症性腸疾患 (IBD) の発生率の増加は,環境の微生物の変化と相関しています.
ヘルミントのコロニー化が減少し,腸内微生物群の変化がIBDの病原性に関与している.

研究の目的:

IBDに関連する腸内異常に対するヘルミント感染の保護作用を調査する.
ヘルミントが腸内微生物群と免疫反応を調節するメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

クローン病の感受性遺伝子Nod2に欠陥があるマウスモデルを使用した.
ヘルミントの感染が腸内微生物の構成と宿主の免疫に与える影響を評価した.
ヘルミントが流行する地域と消虫処理後のヒトのデータを分析した.

主要な成果:

ヘルミントの感染は炎症性バクテロイドの種を抑制することで,Nod2欠乏したマウスを腸内異常から保護しました.
保護は2型免疫によって促進され,Clostridialesで保護された微生物群を育成した.
ヘルミントが流行する地域に住む個体は同様の保護性微生物群を示した.除虫はクロストリディアルを減少させ,バクテリオダルを増加させた.

結論:

ヘルミントが誘発する2型免疫は,炎症状態に対する保護を与えるために腸内微生物群を形作ります.
発見は衛生仮説を支持し,遺伝的感受性,微生物環境の変化,IBDの発症を関連付けています.

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