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関連する概念動画

Heat Engines01:10

Heat Engines

3.9K
A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...
3.9K
The Carnot Cycle01:30

The Carnot Cycle

4.4K
Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the efficiency of the reversal, that is, maximize the work retrieved from heat. If the efficiency of a heat engine were 100%, it would imply reversing the process completely without introducing any other effect. Thus, it would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
What could be the theoretical limit to the efficiency of a heat engine? The...
4.4K
Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:15

Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

5.2K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement of the second law of thermodynamics is based on the irreversibility of spontaneous heat flow. It states that heat will not flow from the colder body to the hotter body unless some other process is involved. Additionally, as per the Kelvin’s statement, it is impossible to convert the heat from a single source into work without any other...
5.2K
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

2.2K
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
2.2K
The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

4.1K
The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat engine that is more efficient than a Carnot engine between two fixed temperatures? The answer lies in designing a Carnot refrigerator.
Since the individual steps in a Carnot cycle can be reversed, the entire cycle is, thus, reversible. If a Carnot cycle is reversed, it becomes a Carnot refrigerator. It extracts heat Qc from a cold reservoir at...
4.1K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

7.1K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
7.1K

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Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
09:09

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Published on: February 5, 2020

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単原子熱エンジン

Johannes Roßnagel1, Samuel T Dawkins2, Karl N Tolazzi3

  • 1QUANTUM, Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. j.rossnagel@uni-mainz.de ks@uni-kassel.de.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 16, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者たちは最初の単原子熱エンジンを作りました この画期的な装置は 熱エネルギーを機械に変換するために 閉じ込められたイオンを使用し 原子スケールの熱力学の可能性を示しています

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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

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Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 22, 2026

Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation
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Asymmetric Thermoelectrochemical Cell for Harvesting Low-grade Heat under Isothermal Operation

Published on: February 5, 2020

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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
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Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

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Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
04:09

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics

Published on: August 30, 2024

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科学分野:

  • 熱力学について
  • 量子力学について
  • 原子物理学

背景:

  • 伝統的な熱エンジンは多くの粒子で動作します
  • ナノスケールでの熱伝達の理解は 新しい技術の開発に不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • 実験的に機能する単原子熱エンジンを実証する.
  • 原子規模のエンジンの熱力学サイクルと性能を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 単一のイオンを 線形ポール・トラップに閉じ込めます
  • 熱循環を起こすために 熱と冷の貯蔵庫にイオンを結合する
  • イオンダイナミクスを測定し,熱力学サイクルを決定し,電力を抽出します.

主要な成果:

  • 単原子熱エンジンを成功裏に操作した.
  • 達成された出力 P = 3.4 × 10(-22) ジュール/秒,効率 η = 0.28%.
  • 原子スケールの熱力学サイクルに関する理論的予測と一致する.

結論:

  • 単原子熱エンジンの実用性を実証した.
  • 単原子の限界まで 縮小できるということを示しました
  • 量子熱力学とナノスケールエネルギー変換の研究に 新たな道を開きました