内生的なカスパース-11リガンドは,生きているデンドリット細胞からインタールキン-1の放出を誘発する
Ivan Zanoni1, Yunhao Tan2, Marco Di Gioia2
1Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. Unit of Cell Signalling and Innate Immunity, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
まとめ
デンドリット細胞 (DCs) は"過剰活性"状態に入り,免疫反応を強める. この状態は 微生物産物や酸化したリン脂によって引き起こされ 単純なオン/オフ信号を超えた 微妙な先天的な免疫を明らかにします
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- デンドリット細胞 (DCs) は,パターン認識受容体を通して適応免疫を誘発するために不可欠です.
- 伝統的にDCの免疫活性化は全てまたは何もないプロセスと見なされていました.
研究 の 目的:
- DCが"アクティブ"や"アクティブでない"以上の異なるアクティベーション状態を示すかどうかを調査する.
- DCの活性化のためのメカニズムとトリガーを特定する.
主な方法:
- 微生物製品 (LPS) と酸化フォスフォリピド (oxPAPC) でDCを刺激する.
- DCアクティベーションマーカーと炎症体依存性サイトカインの放出の分析
- DC反応を媒介するカスパース-11の役割を調査した.
主要な成果:
- DCは微生物製品とoxPAPCと接触すると"超活性"状態に達します.
- カスパース11は,この過活性状態を介し,oxPAPCとLPSの異なるドメインを結合します.
- この2つの刺激はカスパース11に依存するIL-1の放出を誘発するが,LPSだけが熱死を引き起こす.
結論:
- DCのような先天的な免疫細胞は 微妙な活性化状態を持っています
- これは様々な刺激に対する文脈依存の免疫反応のメカニズムを提供します.
- カスパース-11は,ディフェンシャルDC活性化および下流免疫結果において重要な役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
Caspases
14.5K
Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
14.5K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
9.2K
The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
9.2K
T Cell Types and Functions
3.2K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.2K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
9.1K
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
9.1K
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
10.3K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
10.3K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
5.5K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
5.5K


