LPS 免疫性における微生物群の変動は,ヒトの自己免疫に寄与する
Tommi Vatanen1, Aleksandar D Kostic2, Eva d'Hennezel3
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
Cell
|May 3, 2016
まとめ
衛生仮説は 早期の微生物被曝が 免疫発達を形作ることを示唆しています この研究では,フィンランドとエストニアでは多いが,ロシアではない乳児のバクテロイド菌が,免疫反応を変化させることで,自己免疫疾患を予防することがわかった.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 微生物学
- 環境 健康
背景:
- 衛生仮説は,生命の初期に微生物への曝露が減少すると免疫成熟が変化し,潜在的に自己免疫疾患の発生率が増加すると仮定しています.
- 自己免疫疾患は 西洋諸国ではより多く見られ 腸内微生物の組成などの環境要因が 影響していることを示唆しています
研究 の 目的:
- 幼児期における腸内微生物群の発達と自己免疫疾患の流行の関係を調査する.
- 異なる自己免疫疾患率を持つ北欧地域の乳児の腸内微生物の組成を比較する (フィンランド,エストニア,ロシア).
主な方法:
- 生まれてから3歳までの222人の乳児の腸内微生物の発達に関する長期的研究.
- 主要な腸内細菌,特にバクテロイドとエシェリキア・コーライによるリポポリサッカリド (LPS) 曝露の分析
- LPSが先天的な免疫シグナル伝達と自己免疫糖尿病のマウスモデルに及ぼす影響の評価
主要な成果:
- バクテロイドの種はフィンランドとエストニアの乳児では多く,ロシアの乳児では少ない.
- フィンランドとエストニアの乳児は,エシェリキア・コロイ菌により多く曝露したロシアの乳児とは異なり,バクテロイドによるリポポリサカリド (LPS) により高い曝露を示した.
- Bacteroides LPSは,E. coli LPSと比べ,固有の免疫信号を阻害し,マウスの自己免疫糖尿病から保護できませんでした.
結論:
- バクテロイドなどの免疫的に静止された微生物群による早期の腸内植民は,免疫教育に影響を与える可能性があります.
- 早期の微生物曝露の違い,特にバクテロイドと大腸菌によるLPSは,自己免疫疾患の発生率の変動に寄与する可能性があります.
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