代謝の加速と人間の脳サイズと生命の歴史の進化
Herman Pontzer1,2, Mary H Brown3, David A Raichlen4
1Department of Anthropology, Hunter College. 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Nature
|May 5, 2016
まとめ
人類は他の類人猿と比較して,より高い総エネルギー消費 (TEE) を進化させ,より大きな脳と繁殖をサポートした. この増加した代謝,特に基礎代謝率は,人間の進化の鍵でした.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学
- 比較生理学
- 人類の起源
背景:
- 人間には他の類人猿と比べると 大きい脳とユニークな生命の歴史 (成長が遅い,長生き) があります
- これらの特徴は 人類の祖先における エネルギー消費と分配の 進化的な変化を示唆しています
- ホミノイドのエネルギー戦略を理解するには 直接的な代謝比較が重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 人類の代謝が加速した 仮説を検証するために
- 人間と類人猿の総エネルギー消費 (TEE) を量化して比較する.
- 人間の脳の大きさと 生殖能力と長寿の エネルギー基盤を調査する
主な方法:
- TEE (kcal/day) を測定するために,ダブルラベルの水測定法を使用した.
- ヒト,チンパンジー,ボノボ,ゴリラ,オランウータンが研究対象でした
- 身体のサイズと運動量を考慮した多変数回帰を用いた.
主要な成果:
- ヒトのTEEはチンパンジー/ボノボ (約 400 kcal/日),ゴリラ (約. 635 kcal/日) とオランウータン (約. 820 kcal/日) でした.
- 基礎代謝率の上昇は,より大きな臓器代謝活動を示し,ヒトのTEEの上昇に大きく寄与した.
- ヒトは研究されたホミノイドの中で最も高い体脂肪率を示した.
結論:
- 高い代謝率と 変化したエネルギー配分は 人間の脳サイズと 生命の歴史の進化に不可欠でした
- この発見は,人間の重要な進化的適応を可能にする エネルギー消費の増加の役割を裏付けています
- ホミノイドの進化における エネルギー上の制約と機会について 比較的な代謝データから 洞察を得ることができます
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