哺乳類における転写終結:RNAポリメラーゼIIの巨作を停止する
1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK. nicholas.proudfoot@path.ox.ac.uk.
まとめ
哺乳類における転写終結は複雑で,クロマチン,ポリ (A) シグナル,および転写分解を含む. この複雑なプロセスは 適切な遺伝子発現を保証し 病気で操作したり ブロックしたりできます
科学分野:
- 分子生物学
- 遺伝子規制
- 生物化学
背景:
- トランスクリプションの終結は哺乳類のタンパク質をコードする遺伝子発現における重要な,しかしながら複雑な規制段階である.
- このプロセスは,クロマチン効果,トランスクリプト分裂,分解を含む複数の連続的なイベントを含みます.
- 端末の調節不良は異常なトランスクリプトと細胞機能障害を引き起こす.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類のタンパク質をコードする遺伝子の転写終了の複雑なメカニズムを解明する.
- トランスクリプトの多様性や 遺伝子調節にどのように影響するかを理解する
- がんやウイルス感染症などの 細胞環境における 終末期障害や終末期障害の影響を 研究する.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子末端におけるクロマチン模型の転写ダイナミクスの分析.
- 信号媒介による複写分裂と,その後のRNA分解経路の調査.
- 終結プロセスによって誘発された酵素構造の変化の研究.
主要な成果:
- クロマチンは,遺伝子末端での転写延長を大幅に阻害し,終了を開始します.
- ポリ (A) シグナルでの分裂は成熟したメッセンジャーRNAを放出し,残留トランスクリプトは分解される.
- 転写酵素の分解によって引き起こされる形状の変化は,終結を誘発するために重要である.
- 終結は変数部位で起こり,異なる調節作用またはタンパク質コーディング能力を持つ複数のメッセンジャーRNAの生成を可能にします.
結論:
- 転写終了は哺乳類の正確な遺伝子発現に不可欠な多段階のプロセスです.
- 端末の正確な調節は,トランスクリプトの多様性と細胞機能に影響します.
- 混乱や阻害による異常終結は,特に癌やウイルス感染症などの疾患状態において,細胞の健康に重大な影響を及ぼします.
さらに関連する動画
08:00Defining the Program of Maternal mRNA Translation during In vitro Maturation using a Single Oocyte Reporter Assay
Published on: June 16, 2021
4.9K
09:21Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
Published on: October 22, 2018
9.7K
関連する概念動画
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes
19.0K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure. Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
19.0K
Transcription in Prokaryotes
3.5K
Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
3.5K
Bacterial Transcription
38.5K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
38.5K
Termination of Translation
28.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
28.5K
Termination of Translation
7.0K
7.0K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases
27.7K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
27.7K
