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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test

Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...

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Updated: May 11, 2026

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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結腸癌のスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明

, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo1, David C Grossman2

  • 1University of California, San Francisco.

JAMA
|June 16, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

50歳から75歳の成人の 定期的な結腸直腸がんスクリーニングは 相当な利点があります 複数のスクリーニング方法がありますが,癌の発生率と死亡率を減らすのに優れた戦略は1つでもありません.

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科学分野:

  • 腫瘍学
  • 予防 医療
  • 公衆衛生

背景:

  • 結腸直腸がんは,米国でがんによる死亡の主な原因であり,65歳から74歳の成人に最も多く診断されています.
  • 2016年には推定13万4,000人の新規症例と4万9,000人の死亡が予測された.
  • 大腸がんのスクリーニングは 十分に活用されていない予防策です

研究 の 目的:

  • 2008年の米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) の大腸がんスクリーニングに関する勧告を更新する.
  • 各種のスクリーニング方法の有効性,有害性,試験性能に関する証拠をレビューする.

主な方法:

  • コロノスコーピー,シグモイドスコーピー,CT コロノグラフィー,様々な便検査を含むスクリーニング検査の証拠を体系的に検討する.
  • スクリーニングテストに関連した害の評価
  • 最適なスクリーニング年齢と間隔のための比較モデリング研究

主要な成果:

  • 50歳から75歳までの平均リスクの無症状の成人における結腸直腸がんのスクリーニングは,実質的な純利益をもたらします.
  • 複数のスクリーニング戦略が利用可能で,それぞれ異なる証拠,利点,および制限があります.
  • 経験的なデータでは,ある戦略が他の戦略より 高い純利益をもたらすことが示されていない.

結論:

  • USPSTFは50~75歳の成人の大腸がんスクリーニングを推奨しています (A推奨).
  • 76歳から85歳の成人の場合,スクリーニングの決定は,全体的な健康状態と以前のスクリーニング歴に基づいて個別化されるべきです (C勧告).