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Ferromagnetism01:31

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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最初の原則から固有の鉄電スイッチング

Shi Liu1, Ilya Grinberg2,3, Andrew M Rappe2

  • 1Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015, USA.

Nature
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

フェロ電気材料のドメイン壁の動きは,極化スイッチングの鍵です. この研究は,よりよい材料設計のための実験結果と整合して,最初の原則から材料の性質を予測する普遍的なモデルを提示します.

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科学分野:

  • 凝縮物質物理学
  • 材料科学

背景:

  • ドメイン壁は介電,ピエゾ電気,およびパイロ電気反応のようなフェロ電気的性質に影響します.
  • ドメイン壁の動きは,電鉄材料におけるヒステリシスループとして観察される偏極化スイッチングに不可欠である.
  • 現在のモデルはしばしば欠陥主導のピン付けに依存し,サンプル依存の行動につながり,理論的な予測を妨げています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 鉄電学におけるドメイン壁ダイナミクスの汎用分析モデルを開発する.
  • 微小で基本的な計算と 微小で有限な温度特性を 結びつけるためです
  • 装置の設計と発見のための鉄電気材料の性質の正確な予測を可能にします.

主な方法:

  • 鉛チタナート (PbTiO3) の90°ドメイン壁の分子動態シミュレーション
  • 核化と成長に基づく分析モデルの開発
  • ヒステレスループと強制フィールドの温度と周波数依存を予測する第一原理の計算.

主要な成果:

  • 多種多様なフェロエレクトリックに適用可能な領域壁ダイナミクスのシンプルで普遍的なモデルが構築されました.
  • ドメイン壁速度の固有の温度とフィールド依存性が特徴付けられ,非線形的なクリープとデピニング領域が示された.
  • 予測された強制場は,陶器と薄膜の実験データと良好な一致を示した.

結論:

  • 鉄電スイッチングは,欠陥がない場合でも,本質的な領域壁の動きによって大きく支配されます.
  • 開発されたモデルは,鉄電性材料の性質を予測し,最適化するための効率的な枠組みを提供します.
  • この研究は理論的計算と実験的観測の間のギャップを埋め,材料の発見を容易にする.