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関連する概念動画

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle01:29

Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle

1
Sulfur is a vital element in Earth's biogeochemical systems. It transitions through various inorganic states, including sulfate (SO₄²⁻), elemental sulfur (S⁰), and sulfide (S²⁻). Abiotic and biological mechanisms across oxic and anoxic environments intricately mediate these transformations. Sulfate, the most oxidized form of sulfur, is predominantly stored in rocks, marine sediments, and oceanic waters, acting as a long-term reservoir in the global sulfur...
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Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Anoxygenic Photosynthesis01:30

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

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Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green...
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Acid Mine Drainage01:19

Acid Mine Drainage

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Mining activities that disturb sulfide-rich rocks, particularly those containing pyrite (FeS₂), initiate a cascade of geochemical and microbiological processes with serious environmental implications. When exposed to air and water, pyrite undergoes oxidation, releasing sulfate, ultimately forming sulfuric acid and mobilizing heavy metals into surrounding water systems. This phenomenon, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), results in low pH waters laden with toxic elements that threaten...
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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

A Sensitive Visual Method for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria
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A Sensitive Visual Method for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria

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ミオグロビンによる硫化水素酸化

Trever Bostelaar, Victor Vitvitsky, Jacques Kumutima

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201-2417, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

毒性のある硫化水素 (H2S) を有害でない物質に酸化することができる. この発見は,特定の代謝障害において,骨格筋がH2S中毒に脆弱である理由を説明するかもしれない.

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Protein Film Infrared Electrochemistry Demonstrated for Study of H2 Oxidation by a [NiFe] Hydrogenase
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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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科学分野:

  • 生物化学
  • 分子生物学
  • 毒理学について

背景:

  • 硫化水素 (H2S) は,アミノ酸から生成される信号分子ですが,高濃度では有毒です.
  • 細胞は主にミトコンドリア硫化物の酸化によってH2Sを排毒するメカニズムを持っています.
  • H2Sを酸化することが以前発見され,他のヘムタンパク質がこの機能を共有することが示唆された.

研究 の 目的:

  • 硫化水素 (H2S) を酸化するミオグロビンの能力を調査する.
  • H2Sがミオグロビンによって酸化される際に形成される鉄に結合した硫黄の中間物質を特徴づける.
  • H2Sの解毒におけるミオグロビンの潜在的役割と,特定の疾患に対するその関連性を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 硫黄の中間物質を捕まえて分析するために,冷凍質量スペクトロメトリとX線吸収スペクトロスコーピーを使用した.
  • 電子パラマグネティック共振 (EPR) と共振ラーマン光譜は,反応中間物質のさらなる証拠を提供した.
  • 密度関数理論 (DFT) の計算は,機械的仮説を支持するために使用された.

主要な成果:

  • ミオグロービンは硫化水素 (H2S) を硫酸塩および他の硫黄製品に酸化することが確認された.
  • ヒドロポリスルフィードを含む鉄に結合した硫黄の中間物質は,うまく捕らえられ,特徴づけられました.
  • 顕微鏡および計算データにより,提案された酸化経路は強く支持された.

結論:

  • ミオグロビンは,ヒドロゲン硫化物 (H2S) の酸化において,ヘモグロビンと同様に重要な役割を果たします.
  • 硫黄の中間物質の特徴は,ミオグロビンによるH2S解毒のメカニズムを明らかにする.
  • ミオグロービンは,骨格筋にH2Sを濃縮し,エチルマロンの脳症における硫化物中毒に対する敏感性を説明する可能性がある.