米国成人の食事摂取量,1999年−2012年
Colin D Rehm1, José L Peñalvo2, Ashkan Afshin3
1Office of Community and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York2Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA
|June 22, 2016
まとめ
米国の成人は1999年から2012年にかけての食事の質の改善を示し,全粒穀物とナッツの摂取量が増加し,砂糖を添加した飲料の摂取量が減少しました. しかし,食事の質の格差は,人種/民族のグループや所得レベルによって持続または悪化しました.
科学分野:
- 栄養学
- 公衆衛生
- エピデミオロジー
背景:
- ほとんどの米国の食事の傾向の研究はマクロ栄養素に焦点を当てており,包括的な食事の質を無視しています.
- 一般的な食事の質と格差の傾向を理解することは,公衆衛生の取り組みにとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- アメリカの成人の全体の食事の質と特定の食事成分の傾向を分析する.
- 年齢,性別,人種/民族,教育,収入を含む様々な社会人口学的サブグループにおけるこれらの傾向を調べる.
主な方法:
- 国家保健栄養調査 (NHANES) の7回 (1999年−2012年) のデータを活用した.
- 病院に入っていない米国人33,932人 (≥20歳) の24時間の食事リコールを分析した.
- アメリカ心臓協会 (AHA) の2020年ダイエットスコアと個々の食品/栄養素消費を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 全体の食事の質は改善され,アメリカ心臓協会 (AHA) の食事のスコアは上昇しました.
- 穀物,ナッツ,果物の摂取量を増やし,砂糖を添加した飲料の摂取量を減らす.
- 食事の質の格差は人種/民族,教育,収入によって持続または悪化し,非ヒスパニックの白人成人の改善は限られた.
結論:
- アメリカの成人は1999年から2012年の間に 食事の改善を示した.
- 食事の質の大きな差は残っており,悪化している可能性があります.
- 発見は成功と,人口の食事の健康を改善するために標的を絞った介入を必要とする領域を強調しています.
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