複数のビバルブ種内の独立した癌系の広範囲にわたる伝播
Nature
|June 25, 2016
まとめ
以前は稀だと考えられていた 伝染性がんは 海洋生物に多く見られます これらの伝染性の癌は 何度も発生し 種間にも広がる可能性があります
科学分野:
- 海洋生物学
- 癌の研究
- 進化生物学
背景:
- がんは通常,個体内の体細胞変異から生じます.
- タスマニアン・デビルや犬に 伝染するのがんは珍しい例外です
- 軟殻のクラゲでの以前の発見は,より広範な流行を示唆しました.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋生物の転移性腫瘍の発生と起源を調査する.
- 伝染性の癌が海洋生態系に 共通しているかどうかを判断する.
- 癌細胞の種間感染の可能性を探るため
主な方法:
- ミュウミュウ (Mytilus trossulus),コックル (Cerastoderma edule),金色のカーペット貝 (Polititapes aureus) の拡散性腫瘍の分析
- 癌の系統と起源を特定するための遺伝分析
- 宿主種と同類種との比較分析
主要な成果:
- 独立して伝染する癌の系統が 貝,カックル,ゴールドカーペット・シェルに確認された.
- カタツムリの癌の系統は それぞれの宿主種から生まれました
- 予期せぬことに 黄色のカーペット貝の癌細胞は 別の種である ヴェヌルピス・カルーガットから生まれました
- 同じ地域の源種 (V. corrugata) では,腫瘍は見つかりませんでした.
結論:
- 伝染性がんは海洋環境でよく見られ 複数回発生しています
- ほとんどの伝染性がんは 発生種内で広がりますが 種間伝染は可能です
- この研究は,伝染性がんの既知の例を拡大し,その生態学的重要性を強調しています.
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