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関連する概念動画

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

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Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
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First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

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Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
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Reduced Mass Coordinates: Isolated Two-body Problem01:12

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In classical mechanics, the two-body problem is one of the fundamental problems describing the motion of two interacting bodies under gravity or any other central force. When considering the motion of two bodies, one of the most important concepts is the reduced mass coordinates, a quantity that allows the two-body problem to be solved like a single-body problem. In these circumstances, it is assumed that a single body with reduced mass revolves around another body fixed in a position with an...
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Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction01:05

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It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a...
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A two-dimensional system in mechanical engineering involves the analysis of motion and forces in a plane. A two-dimensional force vector can be resolved into its components as:
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Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions01:11

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Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing...
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2次元での多体局所化移行の探索

Jae-yoon Choi1, Sebastian Hild2, Johannes Zeiher2

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany. jae-yoon.choi@mpq.mpg.de.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 25, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは,無秩序な光学格子内のボゾンにおける多体局所化移行を観察した. この発見は,量子多体系における熱化の仮定に異議を唱え,移行時に異なる長さのスケールを明らかにする.

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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科学分野:

  • 量子物理学
  • 統計的メカニズム
  • 凝縮物質物理学

背景:

  • 統計物理学の基本的な原理は 量子多体系が自然に熱平衡に達するというものです
  • マルチボディ・ローカライゼーション (MBL) の発見は,この基本的な仮定について疑問を投げかけています.
  • MBLは,特定の量子システムは,強い乱れと相互作用のために熱化しないかもしれないことを示唆しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 量子多体系における熱相と局所相の移行を実験的に調査する.
  • 2次元の無秩序な光学格子における 多体局所化現象を探求する.
  • マルチボディ局所化移行の近くにおけるダイナミクスとクリティカルな振る舞いを特徴づける.

主な方法:

  • 2次元の光学格子を使って ボゾン量子粒子を宿す
  • システムの初期不均衡の密度パターンを準備する.
  • 単一の場所での測定で,時間の経過とともにシステムのリラックスダイナミクスを追跡します.

主要な成果:

  • 熱と局所的な相の間の明確な移行が観察されました.
  • システムが局所化移行に近づくにつれて,長さのスケールが分岐する証拠を提供した.
  • 現在の古典的なシミュレーションの能力を超えた 複数体の局所化を実証した.

結論:

  • 実験結果は,このボゾン系における多体局所化移行の存在を確認した.
  • この発見は,閉じた量子多体系における熱化の普遍性に異議を唱えている.
  • この研究は,複雑な相互作用系における量子局所化現象を研究するための新しい道を開きます.