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関連する概念動画

The Citric Acid Cycle02:36

The Citric Acid Cycle

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The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, consists of several energy-generating reactions that yield one ATP molecule, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and two CO2 molecules.
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Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

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After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
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5-Number Summary01:04

5-Number Summary

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In a dataset, the 5-number summary includes the minimum data value, the data value of the first quartile, the median data value or data value of the second quartile, the data value of the third quartile, and the maximum data value. These 5 data values can be visualized as a box and whisker plot.
In a box plot, the minimum and maximum data values represent the lower and upper whiskers in the graph, and the median is designated as the center of the box in the chart. The first quartile and third...
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Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

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The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Investigation of RNA Synthesis Using 5-Bromouridine Labelling and Immunoprecipitation
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Investigation of RNA Synthesis Using 5-Bromouridine Labelling and Immunoprecipitation

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RNA 5′がNAD+,NADHおよびデフォスフォ-CoAで封じ込められるメカニズム

Jeremy G Bird, Yu Zhang, Yuan Tian

    Nature
    |July 8, 2016
    PubMed
    まとめ

    バクテリアのRNAは,転写開始時にニコチナミドアデニンジヌクレオチド (NAD+) または3′-デフォスフォコエンザイムA (dpCoA) のキャップを増加させるが,その後はそうではない. この非正規のイニシアチブ・ヌクレオチド (NCIN) のキャピングメカニズムは,in vivoで発生し,RNAの機能に影響を与えます.

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    In vitro Transcription and Capping of Gaussia Luciferase mRNA Followed by HeLa Cell Transfection
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    関連する実験動画

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    NADH Fluorescence Imaging of Isolated Biventricular Working Rabbit Hearts
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    In vitro Transcription and Capping of Gaussia Luciferase mRNA Followed by HeLa Cell Transfection
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    科学分野:

    • 分子生物学
    • 生物化学
    • 遺伝学

    背景:

    • RNAの5'端は,その安定性,処理,局所化,および翻訳に大きな影響を与える.
    • エピトランスクリプトミックの調節には,真核RNAに存在する5′キャップのような修正が含まれています.
    • ニコチナミドアデニンジヌクレオチド (NAD+) や3′-デスホスフォコエンザイムA (dpCoA) などの5′端が真核細胞に似ている細菌RNAが観察されている.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 細菌のRNAにNAD+,NADH,dpCoAを組み込むメカニズムを解明する.
    • これらのキャップはトランスクリプション後またはトランスクリプション開始時に追加されるかどうかを判断する.
    • このキャピングプロセスの構造的基礎と機能的結果を調査する.

    主な方法:

    • バクテリアと真核生物 (RNAP II) からのRNAポリメラーゼ (RNAP) を利用した.
    • キャピング効率の調節におけるプロモーターDNA配列の役割を分析した.
    • 非正規のイニシアチブ・ヌクレオチド (NCIN) の in vivo の発生と機能的影響を決定した.
    • NCINで覆われたRNAを持つトランスクリプション開始複合体の結晶構造が得られる.

    主要な成果:

    • NAD+,NADH,dpCoAがRNAPによるde novo転写開始中に非正規の初期核酸 (NCIN) として組み込まれていることを実証した.
    • 細菌と真核RNAPIIの両方がNCINキャップを組み込むことが示されました.
    • NCINの制限効率の重要な決定因子として,プロモーターDNA配列を特定した.
    • NCINのキャピングは in vivoで発生し,機能的な影響があることが確認されました.
    • NCINキャピングのメカニズムと構造的基礎を明らかにする結晶構造を提供した.

    結論:

    • NCINキャピングは,転写開始時に発生するab initioプロセスであり,転写後の修正ではありません.
    • このメカニズムは,NAD+,NADH,dpCoAを含むもので,細菌と真核細胞のRNAP IIに保存されている.
    • プロモーターの配列がNCINの有効性を決定する.
    • NCIN媒介による初期上限は,生活のあらゆる領域で広く普及している規制メカニズムである可能性があります.