2 型糖尿病 の 遺伝子 構造
Christian Fuchsberger1,2,3, Jason Flannick4,5, Tanya M Teslovich1
1Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Nature
|July 12, 2016
まとめ
低頻度の遺伝子変異は2型糖尿病のリスクに大きく寄与しません. 大規模なシーケンシング研究では 珍しいものではなく一般的な変種が タイプ2糖尿病の誘発の鍵となっていることが分かりました
科学分野:
- 遺伝学
- 代謝 疾患
背景:
- 2 型糖尿病 を 含む 共通 な 特徴 の 遺伝 的 な 基礎 は まだ 完全 に 理解 さ れ て い ませ ん.
- ゲノム・ワイド・アソシエーション・スタディ (GWAS) は2型糖尿病の多くの共通変異を特定しているが,遺伝性の説明はわずかである.
研究 の 目的:
- 2型糖尿病の傾向における低頻度の遺伝子変異の役割を調査する.
- これらの変異が2型糖尿病の遺伝性を欠いているという仮説を検証する.
主な方法:
- 全ゲノムとエクソムのシーケンシングは2型糖尿病のヨーロッパ人および非ヨーロッパ人において実施された.
- 111,000人以上の被験者に対して,ゲノタイプと推定を用いてサンプルサイズを拡大し,統計力を高めました.
主要な成果:
- 2型糖尿病と関連した変異は主に一般的であった.
- 特定された変種の大半は,GWASに以前関わっていた地域にあります.
- 大規模なシーケンシングデータは,2型糖尿病の予備性における低頻度変異の主要な役割を支持していません.
結論:
- 2型糖尿病のリスクの主な遺伝的要因は 低頻度ではなく 常見の変種です
- 病理生理学における一般的な変異体の機能的役割に注目すべき研究である.
関連する概念動画
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.4K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.4K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
4.2K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.2K
Carbohydrate Metabolism
14.8K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
14.8K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
5.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.8K
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS
16.5K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
16.5K
Human Genetics
1.8K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.8K


