ヒトの微生物群の移動性遺伝子は,全体から個別のスケールで構造化されています
I L Brito1,2, S Yilmaz3, K Huang2
1Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Nature
|July 14, 2016
まとめ
ヒトの微生物群の移動性遺伝子は,食事と局所的な適応を反映して,集団によって大きく異なる. 移動可能な遺伝要素は 拡散の限界ではなく 人間の活動によって形作られています
科学分野:
- 微生物群の研究
- ゲノミクス
- 人口遺伝学
背景:
- ヒトの健康は微生物群と関連しており 種の違いが変化の理由としてしばしば挙げられます
- 微生物種内の移動遺伝子は,有意な現象的差異を引き起こす可能性があります.
- ヒトの微生物群における移動遺伝子の分布と機能は十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒトの微生物群における移動性遺伝子の分布と機能を調査する.
- 移動性遺伝子プールが均質であるか,または人間の人口構造の影響を受けているかどうかを判断する.
- 異なるヒト集団間の移動遺伝子の内容を比較する.
主な方法:
- 単細胞ゲノミクスとメタゲノミクスを使用した.
- 北米人とフィジーの島民の微生物群の 移動遺伝子を比較しました
- モバイル遺伝子の含有量と機能的変異を分析した.
主要な成果:
- 北米とフィジーの微生物間の移動性遺伝子含有量の大きな違いが観察されました.
- フィジー人における植物性粉分解遺伝子の増加を含む 機能的変異が発見され 食事の違いと一致しています
- フィジーの近隣の村の間でさえも 移動性遺伝子プールで 変化が検出されましたが 全体の微生物の組成は似ています
- 特定された高再結合率は,個々の特定の移動要素につながる.
結論:
- 人間の活動や行動が 選択的な圧力を及ぼし 移動性遺伝子プールを形成します
- 特定のヒト集団を植民地化するには 移動性遺伝子の獲得が不可欠です
- 移動性遺伝子の含有量は分散によってのみ制限されるのではなく,環境選択によって積極的に形成されます.
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