人間の腸内微生物が宿主血清代謝とインスリン感受性に影響する
Nature
|July 14, 2016
まとめ
ヒトの腸内微生物群は,血清代謝物を変化させ,インスリン抵抗性に影響する. Prevotella copriのような特定のバクテリアは,このリンクを駆動し,代謝の健康のための微生物の標的を示唆します.
科学分野:
- 微生物群の研究
- メタボロミクス
- 人間の生理学
背景:
- インスリン抵抗性は心血管疾患と2型糖尿病の前兆です.
- 腸内微生物群が代謝の健康に 果たす役割はますます認識されています
研究 の 目的:
- ヒトの腸内微生物が血清代謝に与える影響を調査する.
- 腸内細菌,血清代謝産物,非糖尿病患者のインスリン抵抗性の関連性を調べる.
主な方法:
- 277人のデンマーク人の血清代謝体と腸内微生物の組成の分析.
- 微生物の遺伝子含有量,血清の代謝産物レベル (特に分岐鎖アミノ酸 - BCAA),およびインスリン抵抗性の間の相関分析.
- プレボテラ・コプリの因果的作用をテストするためにマウスモデルを用いたインビボ試験.
主要な成果:
- インスリン抵抗性の個人は,BCAA生物合成遺伝子に富み,BCAAトランスポーター遺伝子が欠けている腸内微生物群に関連した,血清のBCAA値が上昇した.
- BCAAの代謝とインスリン抵抗性に関連した主要な種としてPrevotella copriとBacteroides vulgatusが特定されました.
- マウスにP. copriを投与すると,インスリン抵抗性,グルコース耐性の低下,循環中のBCAAの増加が引き起こされた.
結論:
- 腸内微生物群は血清代謝に大きく影響し,インスリン抵抗性に関連しています.
- 特定の細菌種とその代謝経路,特にP. copriによるBCAA生物合成は,インスリン抵抗性における因果的な役割を果たします.
- 微生物の経路をターゲットにすることで,インスリン抵抗性および関連する代謝および心血管疾患を緩和する戦略が提供されます.
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