地球上の生物の多様性は 地球の境界を越えて広がったのでしょうか? 総合的な評価
Tim Newbold1, Lawrence N Hudson2, Andrew P Arnell3
1United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. t.newbold@ucl.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 16, 2016
まとめ
土地利用の変化は地球上の生物多様性を 惑星の境界を越えて押し広げ,持続可能な開発を脅かしています この損失は 世界中で 人口や重要な生態系に 影響を及ぼしています
科学分野:
- エコロジー
- 環境科学
- 保護生物学
背景:
- 陸上の生物多様性は,土地利用と関連する圧力により減少しています.
- 生物多様性の変化の規模と 提案された惑星の境界線との関係は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 提案された惑星の境界線に照らして,土地利用が地域の生物多様性にどの程度影響を与えているかを評価する.
- 生物多様性の安全な限界を超えて影響を受ける地球の陸地と人口の割合を決定する.
主な方法:
- 地元の生物多様性の保全率 (LBI) は,生態系に残っている自然生物多様性の平均比率である.
- 生物多様性の保全のために最近提案された惑星の境界と推定されたLBIの比較.
- 人口分布と交差する境界の空間的範囲の分析
主要な成果:
- 土地利用の圧力により,地球表面の58.1%を超える生物多様性の保全が低下しています.
- 人口の71.4%が住んでいる地域です
- 生物多様性の保全は,ほとんどのバイオーム (特に草原),生物多様性のホットスポット,さらにはいくつかの荒野地帯で損なわれています.
結論:
- 地球上の陸上の生物多様性は 土地利用の変化により 安全な限界を超えています
- 生物多様性の地球上の境界線を広範囲に広げることは,長期的な持続可能な開発に重大な脅威をもたらしています.
- 生物多様性の減少とその連鎖的影響を緩和するには,緊急の措置が必要である.
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