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関連する概念動画

Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

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Overview
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The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System
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Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System

Published on: August 1, 2016

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専用ストップコードのない遺伝子コード:文脈依存の翻訳終了

Estienne Carl Swart1, Valentina Serra2, Giulio Petroni2

  • 1Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

Cell
|July 19, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

核の遺伝子コードは固定されていません いくつかのシリエットはストップコドンをアミノ酸として使用し,標準的な遺伝コードに挑戦し,mRNA 3'端が翻訳終了を調節するのに役立つことを示唆しています.

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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System
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Published on: August 1, 2016

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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

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科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • 進化生物学

背景:

  • 核の遺伝子コードは伝統的に高度に保存され,曖昧ではないと考えられています.
  • 変異は存在し,特にシリエットでは,ストップコドンを感知コドンに再割り当てることができ,変異遺伝コードにつながります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 毛皮動物におけるコドン再配分を停止するメカニズムを調査する.
  • 変異性遺伝子のコードにおけるストップコドンとセンスのコドンをどのように区別するかを探求する.
  • 遺伝コードの進化におけるmRNA 3'の役割を理解する.

主な方法:

  • リボソームプロファイリングは,翻訳の動態を分析するために使用されました.
  • コード配列の末端近くのストップコドン使用と枯渇パターンの分析が行われました.

主要な成果:

  • 毛皮動物には3つの新しい遺伝子コードを含む7つの変種が特定されました.
  • 2つの種では,すべての64のコドンが1つまたはすべてのストップコドンの認識とともに,標準のアミノ酸として効率的に翻訳されました.
  • 証拠はmRNA 3'端が文脈依存のストップコドン認識に寄与することを示唆している.

結論:

  • ストップコドンの再配分は,以前考えられていたよりも一般的です.
  • 文脈に依存するメカニズムは,mRNA 3' 末端を含む可能性があり,翻訳終了と読み通しを調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
  • これらのメカニズムは遺伝子コードの進化と 新種の遺伝子コードの出現を容易にする.