皮膚がんのスクリーニング:米国予防サービスタスクフォースの勧告声明
, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo1, David C Grossman2
1University of California, San Francisco.
JAMA
|July 27, 2016
まとめ
臨床医による視覚的な皮膚検査が,成人の皮膚がんを効果的に検診するかどうかを判断するには,現在の証拠は不十分である. 余計な生検や過剰な診断などの 潜在的利益と害のバランスをとるには もっと研究が必要です
科学分野:
- 皮膚科
- 予防医学
- 腫瘍学
背景:
- メラノーマの死亡率は 基礎細胞癌や平板細胞癌より高いのです
- 2016年には推定76,400人の米国人がメラノーマを発症し,10100人が死亡しました.
- 米国予防サービスタスクフォース (USPSTF) は以前,2009年に勧告を出した.
研究 の 目的:
- 皮膚がんのスクリーニングに関する2009年のUSPSTF勧告に関する証拠に基づいた最新情報を提供すること.
- 皮膚がんの罹患率と死亡率を低減する臨床視覚皮膚検査の有効性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 皮膚がんのスクリーニングのための視覚的な皮膚検査に関する証拠の体系的なレビュー.
- スクリーニングの有効性,潜在的な害,試験の特徴,通常のケアと比較した早期発見の評価.
- 主治医と皮膚科医を比較した研究を含む.
主要な成果:
- メラノーマの罹患率と死亡率を減らすために,視覚的な皮膚検査の有効性に関する直接的な証拠は限られている.
- 不必要な生検や過剰診断などの害に関する情報は稀ですが,潜在的な害は認識されています.
- 重要な生態学的研究を含む既存の証拠の質には,重要な方法論的限界があります.
結論:
- USPSTFは,成人における皮膚がんのスクリーニングのための臨床医による視覚皮膚検査の利益と害を評価するには,現在の証拠が不十分であると結論付けました.
- "I"の文は,スクリーニングを推奨する十分な証拠がないことを示します.
- 皮膚がんスクリーニングの純利益を明らかにするためにさらなる研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells
The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Skin Diseases and Disorders
Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Cancer Vaccines
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...


![Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate (DMBA-TPA)](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F60445.jpg&w=3840&q=50)