ヒト類との腸内微生物の共種化

Andrew H Moeller¹, Alejandro Caro-Quintero², Deus Mjungu³

¹Department of Integrative Biology, 2506 Speedway A5000, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, 2536 Channing Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 28, 2016

まとめ

人間の腸内細菌は類人猿の祖先と共に進化しましたこの研究は1500万年以上にわたって人間やアフリカの類人猿と共存した古代の細菌の系統が腸内微生物群を形作っていることを示しています

科学分野:

微生物生態学
進化生物学
人間の微生物群の研究

背景:

人間の腸内微生物の進化史と起源はほとんど知られていません
腸内細菌と宿主の共同進化を理解することは,宿主と微生物の相互作用を理解するために不可欠です.

研究の目的:

ヒトの腸内における主要な細菌系統の進化的起源を調査する
腸内細菌がホミニドの宿主と協調して種を産み出したのか調べるためだ

主な方法:

人間,チンパンジー,ボノボ,ゴリラの腸内細菌の多様性の分析
細菌と宿主の進化史を再構築するための系統遺伝分析
バクテリアのクラードとヒトの系統の分岐時間推定.

主要な成果:

BacteroidaceaeとBifidobacteriaceaeを含む複数の腸内細菌の系統は,ヒト類との共種の証拠を示しています.
これらのバクテリアの系統は何百万年もの間宿主系統内で独占的に維持されてきました
バクテリアの分岐時間はヒトの進化の分岐時間と一致し,同期した多様化を示しています.

結論:

ヒトの腸内細菌は人類やアフリカの類人猿と共に進化した古代の共生生物から生まれました
人間の腸内微生物群は霊長類の進化と深く絡み合った進化の歴史を持っています
コスペシエーションはヒトの腸内微生物の組成を形作る上で重要な役割を果たしています

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