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関連する概念動画

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

72.9K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
72.9K
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

6.8K
The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
6.8K
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

919
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
919
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.4K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.4K
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

1.2K
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
1.2K
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

1.8K
There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
1.8K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

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2D素材とヴァン・デル・ワールスのヘテロ構造

K S Novoselov1, A Mishchenko2, A Carvalho3

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. kostya@manchester.ac.uk phycastr@nus.edu.sg.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 30, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

二次元の (2D) 材料の急速な進歩により,ユニークな2D物理と新しいヘテロ構造装置が可能になりました. このレビューでは,2次元結晶の性質と新興の電子および光電子技術におけるその応用について考察します.

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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
09:25

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

Published on: July 5, 2019

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Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
04:57

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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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科学分野:

  • 凝縮物質物理学
  • 材料科学
  • ナノテクノロジー

背景:

  • 二次元 (2D) 材料とそのヘテロ構造の分野は急速に進化しています.
  • これらの材料は,散発品では観察されていない独特の物理現象を示します.
  • 新興のヘテロ構造デバイスは,これらの2次元特性を新しい機能に活用します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しい2次元結晶の基本的な性質を 検討する.
  • 新しいヘテロ構造装置におけるこれらの性質の適用を検証する.
  • 先進的な電子および光電子アプリケーションにおける2D材料の可能性を強調する.

主な方法:

  • 2D素材の最近の進歩に関する文献レビュー.
  • 2次元システムに特有の物理的性質の分析
  • 2Dヘテロ構造を利用したデバイスアーキテクチャの検討.

主要な成果:

  • 長距離の秩序と2Dエクシトンの欠如を含む明確な2D物理学の観察.
  • トンネルトランジスタや共振トンネルダイオードなどの新しいヘテロ構造装置の開発.
  • 従来の材料では達成できない2Dヘテロ構造の機能の実証.

結論:

  • 2D素材は 基礎物理学の探索と 次世代デバイスの作成の プラットフォームを提供します
  • 2D結晶のユニークな性質は,新しいヘテロ構造の性能にとって不可欠です.
  • 2次元材料の研究は,電子と光学における重要な進歩を約束しています.