飢え と 渇き の 信号 の 組み合わせ が 砂糖 と 水 の 消費 を バランス する
Nicholas Jourjine1, Brendan C Mullaney1, Kevin Mann1
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Cell
|August 2, 2016
まとめ
科学者は果物ハエの4つのニューロンを特定し 糖分と水の摂取を均衡させています これらのニューロンを活性化すると 糖分消費量も増加し 水分摂取量も減り 飢えと渇きを制御する 新しいメカニズムが明らかになります
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 生理学
- 分子生物学
背景:
- 食物と水の消費に対する ホメオスタティックな衝動は 生存に不可欠です
- 飢えと渇きのメカニズムは研究されていますが,その相互作用はあまり理解されていません.
- これらの駆動がどのように 協調されているかの 神経的基盤を調査することは 極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 食物と水の消費を 制御する特定のニューロンを特定する
- 飢えと渇きとの相互作用の基礎にある分子と神経のメカニズムを解明する.
- 栄養素と水の利用可能性に関する内部信号の統合を理解する.
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターの分子遺伝学研究
- 食品と水の消費に関する行動分析
- 解剖学的研究とカルシウム画像
- ホルモン受容体とイオンチャネルの特定
主要な成果:
- 糖分と水分を逆調節する 4つのニューロンを特定しました
- 活性化によって糖分摂取が促進され,水分摂取が抑制されることが示されています.
- 不活性化が水分摂取を促進し 糖分摂取を抑制することを示した.
- 栄養ホルモンの信号とオスモラリティによって これらのニューロンの直接的調節が明らかになった.
結論:
- 糖分と水分の消費を バランスさせるための内部信号を統合します
- これらの神経細胞は 恒常状態の駆動を逆方向に 調節するための 優雅なメカニズムを提供します
- この発見は 飲食と食事の神経制御に 洞察を与えてくれます
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