昼夜リズムと睡眠欠陥による人間の脳応答の局所的調節

Vincenzo Muto¹, Mathieu Jaspar¹, Christelle Meyer²

¹GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Liège, Belgium. Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 13, 2016

まとめ

人間の脳の活動は体内時計と睡眠欠陥によって変動しますこの研究は脳の異なる領域が昼間や睡眠不足の時に注意の課題にどのように反応するかを明らかにしています

科学分野:

神経科学
認知科学
睡眠に関する研究

背景:

人間のパフォーマンスには日常リズムと睡眠圧力が影響します
昼夜リズムと睡眠圧力の相互作用を支える脳のメカニズムは不明です
脳の地域的な反応を理解することは認知能力の違いを説明するのに極めて重要です

研究の目的:

持続的な注意の課題に対する脳の反応が昼夜間のサイクルを通してどのように変化するかを調べるためです
睡眠不足が脳の活動に与える影響を調べるため
皮質と皮質下の脳領域における微分日経調節をマッピングする.

主な方法:

機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) を用いて脳の反応を測定した.
33人の健康な被験者に対して,昼間の周期で13回のfMRIセッションを実施した.
データは42時間の持続的な覚醒状態と回復後の睡眠中に収集されました.

主要な成果:

大脳皮質の反応は,局所的な相変化とともに,有意な昼夜リズムを示した.
睡眠不足により皮質の反応が著しく低下しました
皮質下脳の領域は昼夜調節を示しメラトニンのレベルを密接に追跡しました

結論:

持続的な注意力中の脳活動は昼夜リズムと睡眠の圧力によって調整されます
皮質と皮質下の領域は,昼夜調節の異なるパターンを示しています.
これらの発見は,日経不整合と睡眠不足による認知の維持と悪化の理解を深めるものです.

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