腫瘍の低酸素は,TET活性を下げることでDNAのハイパーメチル化を引き起こす
Bernard Thienpont1,2, Jessica Steinbacher3, Hui Zhao1,2
1Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
Nature
|August 18, 2016
まとめ
腫瘍の低酸素は10−11転位酵素 (TET) の活性を低下させ,DNAの超メチル化を引き起こします. この低酸素による表遺伝的変化は癌細胞の成長を促進し,すべての高メチル化事件の半分までを占める可能性があります.
科学分野:
- エピジェネティクス
- 癌 生物学
- 分子腫瘍学
背景:
- 腫瘍抑制遺伝子のハイパーメチル化は 腫瘍を静止させ 癌細胞の増殖を促します
- がんにおける広範囲にわたるプロモーター高メチル化を誘発するメカニズムは,まだ完全に理解されていません.
- 腫瘍の低酸素は,固体腫瘍の一般的な特徴であり,予後が悪い.
研究 の 目的:
- 腫瘍の低酸素がDNAメチル化パターンに与える影響を調査する.
- 酸素依存十一転移 (TET) 酵素が,低酸素誘発の超メチル化における役割を決定する.
- ガンにおける腫瘍抑制遺伝子静止への低酸素の寄与を解明する.
主な方法:
- ヒトとマウスのがん細胞におけるTET酵素の活性を評価した.
- 遺伝子プロモーターのDNAメチル化レベルを試験管内および患者およびマウスモデルからの腫瘍組織で測定した.
- 低酸素,TET活性,DNAメチル化,腫瘍特性の関係を調査した.
主要な成果:
- 腫瘍の低酸素は,TET発現や代謝変化とは無関係に,酸素依存のTET酵素の活性を直接低下させる.
- 低酸素下でのTET活性低下は,遺伝子プロモーターのDNA超メチル化が増加する.
- 腫瘍抑制遺伝子のプロモーターは,患者の低毒性腫瘍組織で有意にメチル化されています.
- 低酸素誘発のハイパーメチル化は,がん細胞に選択的な成長優位性を与え,観察されたハイパーメチル化事件の最大50%を潜在的に説明します.
結論:
- 腫瘍の低酸素は,TET酵素の活性抑制によってDNAメチル化の重要な調節因子である.
- 腫瘍抑制遺伝子の高メチル化ががんの進行に寄与し,治療目標となる可能性があります.
- 腫瘍の酸素補給を回復させることで,低酸素による表皮遺伝子の変化を逆転させ,腫瘍の成長を抑制することができる.
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