孤立した多体系における絡み合いによる量子熱化
Adam M Kaufman1, M Eric Tai1, Alexander Lukin1
1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 20, 2016
まとめ
孤立した量子システムにおける 統計力学の出現を促しています 絡み合いのエントロピーは局所的に熱エントロピーを模倣し,観測可能な性質の統計物理を検証します.
科学分野:
- 量子物理学
- 統計的メカニズム
- 量子情報
背景:
- 単一進化の過程で 純粋な状態の孤立した量子システムは エントロピーをゼロにします
- 統計力学では通常,熱の均衡とシステムのエントロピーの最大化が想定されます.
- 量子力学と熱力学の調和は 根本的な課題です
研究 の 目的:
- 孤立した量子システムから統計力学の出現を実験的に調査する.
- この出現過程における量子絡みの役割を明らかにする.
- 量子システムにおける局所観測物に対する 統計物理学の適用を検証する.
主な方法:
- 先進的な顕微鏡技術を使って 進化する量子システムを観察する
- 量子状態のエントルピーを 直接測定する
- 実験的観測と理論的予測を比較し,固有状態熱化仮説を含む.
主要な成果:
- システムの全体的な量子状態は 純粋に保たれ,古典的なエントロピーの期待に反した.
- 現地での熱化が観察され,熱力学的な振る舞いを示した.
- 絡み合いのエントロピーは,局所的な熱エントロピーと直接相関し,作用することが判明した.
結論:
- 量子の絡み合いは 孤立した量子システムにおける 統計力学の出現に不可欠です
- 絡み合いのエントロピーは,局所的な熱エントロピーの量子力学的基礎を提供します.
- 実験的発見は,固有状態熱化仮説と局所観測のための統計物理学の妥当性を支持する.
関連する概念動画
01:06Thermodynamic Systems
9.1K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
Consider an example of tea boiling in a kettle. The...
9.1K
01:26Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
163
Consider an isolated system in which a hot object is placed in contact with a cold one. This is an irreversible process that eventually leads both objects to reach the same equilibrium temperature. It is crucial to note that the constituents of any substance exhibit increased disorder at higher temperatures. As a cold substance absorbs heat, its constituents become more disordered. The energy transfer from a hotter object to a cooler one increases the system's disorder or randomness. This...
163
01:20Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
5.2K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
The relation between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
5.2K
02:59Enthalpy
49.2K
Chemists ordinarily use a property known as enthalpy (H) to describe the thermodynamics of chemical and physical processes. Enthalpy is defined as the sum of a system’s internal energy (E) and the mathematical product of its pressure (P) and volume (V):
49.2K
01:14Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
7.6K
Experimentally, if object A is in equilibrium with object B, and object B is in equilibrium with object C, then object A is in equilibrium with object C. That statement of transitivity is called the "zeroth law of thermodynamics." For example, a cold metal block and a hot metal block are both placed on a metal plate at room temperature. Eventually, the cold block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium. In addition, the hot block and the plate will be in thermal equilibrium.
7.6K
02:39Entropy
37.2K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
37.2K