非価格メカニズムによる医療補助金の標的化:ケニアでのランダム化制御試験
Pascaline Dupas1, Vivian Hoffmann2, Michael Kremer3
1Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. Cambridge, MA, USA. pdupas@stanford.edu v.hoffmann@cgiar.org mkremer@fas.harvard.edu alix.zwane@globalinnovation.fund.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 27, 2016
まとめ
低所得国における水処理用塩素無料のクーポン制度により 製品廃棄量が大幅に減少しました このアプローチにより,貧しい世帯のアクセスが改善され,資源の過度な包摂と過度な排除が最小限に抑えられました.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生
- 健康 経済
- 水 の 処理
背景:
- 無料で提供される予防医療製品は 低所得国でのアクセスを改善できます
- 資源の無駄遣い (過剰包摂) と,無償の配給モデルによる貧困層の排除 (過剰排除) に関する懸念がある.
研究 の 目的:
- 塩素溶液の無料提供と非金銭的な費用 (家庭用クーポン) を組み合わせたスクリーニングメカニズムを評価する.
- 無条件の無料配布と比較して,このクーポン制度が製品利用と資源効率に与える影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 配給券ベースの配給システムを標準的な無料配給プログラムと比較するためにランダム化制御試験が行われました.
- この研究では,調達された塩素の量と貯蔵水に検出可能な塩素残留量を持つ家庭の割合を測定した.
主要な成果:
- クーポンメカニズムは クロアンの調達を クーポンなしの無料配給に比べて 60 パーセントポイント削減した.
- 貯蔵水の塩素残留値が陽性である世帯の割合はわずか"パーセント減少した.
結論:
- クーポンベースのスクリーニングメカニズムは,過剰な包摂と過剰な排除の間で大幅に改善されたトレードオフを提供します.
- このアプローチは,資源が限られた環境で予防医療製品の配布の効率を高めます.
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