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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
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細胞の再プログラム:次の世代

Deepak Srivastava1, Natalie DeWitt2

  • 1Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Roddenberry Stem Cell Center at Gladstone, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Cell
|September 10, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

直接的な細胞再プログラムによって 細胞の種類を別のタイプに変換し 再生医療の新たな道を開きます この技術は 細胞内組織修復のための 発達遺伝子のネットワークを活用しますが 臨床的翻訳にはさらなる研究が必要です

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In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Resident Glial Cells into Interneurons by Intracerebral Injection of Viral Vectors
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Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle
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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
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In Vivo Direct Reprogramming of Resident Glial Cells into Interneurons by Intracerebral Injection of Viral Vectors
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Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle
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科学分野:

  • バイオテクノロジー
  • 発達生物学
  • 再生医療

背景:

  • 細胞の再プログラムにより 病気や薬の発見の理解が進んでいます
  • 初期の再プログラミングは多能性を目指し,新しい方法は直接細胞から細胞への変換を達成します.
  • 発達の過程で活性化している遺伝子ネットワークは エピジェネティックの変化と 細胞運命を決定します

研究 の 目的:

  • 直接的な細胞再プログラミングの 進歩を振り返るため
  • 再生医療のための in vivo 再プログラムに焦点を当てます
  • 治療的な翻訳の障害を特定するためです

主な方法:

  • 直接再プログラムするために 系統限定の転写因子とマイクロRNAを使用する.
  • エピジェネティック・ランドスケープの 変化を誘発するために 発達的な遺伝子ネットワークを活用する
  • 損傷した臓器内での 再プログラムの可能性を探る

主要な成果:

  • 直接的な再プログラムにより,体細胞を望ましい細胞タイプに変換できます.
  • 組織再生のための戦略を提示しています.
  • この技術は 発達遺伝子のネットワークを 理解することで可能になります

結論:

  • 直接的な細胞再プログラムが 再生医療に 大きな希望をもたらします
  • 細胞内での再プログラミングは 組織内での修復の 重要なパラダイムです
  • この技術の臨床応用には 現在の障害を克服することが不可欠です