ハワイのカラスが種全体で道具を使うことを発見
Christian Rutz1, Barbara C Klump1, Lisa Komarczyk2
1Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Sir Harold Mitchell Building, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK.
Nature
|September 16, 2016
まとめ
ハワイのカラス (
科学分野:
- エトロジー
- 進化生物学
- 鳥類学
背景:
- 野生の鳥の道具の使用は稀で,ニューカレドニアのカラスは洗練された道具製造の主要な例です.
- 工具の使用の進化的起源は,比較のために特定された道具を使用する同胞が不足しているため,十分に理解されていません.
- 道具の使用の進化を理解するには,似たような生態学的文脈で関連性のある種と関連性のない種を比較する研究が必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- ハワイのカラス (Alalā, Corvus hawaiiensis) の道具使用能力を調査する.
- 島に生息するカワウソの道具使用の進化的起源と潜在的収束的進化を調査する.
- コルヴィッドの道具使用とその生態学的要因に関する比較研究のための基盤を確立する.
主な方法:
- 幼児の道具使用の発達を観察し,学習と社会的インプットを評価する.
- 捕獲された"アララ"集団における全種特性のツール使用能力の評価.
- アララとニューカレドニアのカラスの間の環境要因と系統学的関係の比較分析.
主要な成果:
- 訓練や社会的な学習なしに 機能的な道具の使い方を示し 生まれつきの能力を示します
- 熟練した道具の使用は アララの種全体の特徴であり,それが自然な行動であることを示唆しています.
- アララとニューカレドニアのカラスは 遠い親戚であるにも関わらず 類似した島環境で 道具の使い方を進化させました
結論:
- ハワイのカラスは道具の使い手で 道具を使う鳥の多様性を拡大しています
- 競争や捕食の減少などの島の生態学的な条件は,鳥類の餌探し道具の使用の進化を容易にする可能性があります.
- この発見により,コルビッドや霊長類のような他の分類種の道具使用の進化を理解するために重要な比較研究が可能です.
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