抗菌剤に対する耐性
Hilary D Marston1, Dennis M Dixon2, Jane M Knisely2
1National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
JAMA
|September 23, 2016
まとめ
抗生物質耐性 (AMR) は 抗生物質の不適切な使用や 新薬開発の欠如などの要因によって 増大する脅威です 耐性菌と闘うには 新しい戦略と公衆衛生の介入が必要です
科学分野:
- 医学
- 微生物学
- 公衆衛生
背景:
- 抗生物質は医療における重要な進歩であり 何百万もの命を救っています
- 抗菌剤耐性 (AMR) は 世界的な健康に重大な脅威をもたらしています
- 抗菌剤耐性の上昇は 現代の医療の有効性を危うくしています
研究 の 目的:
- 抗菌剤耐性を引き起こす要因を特定する.
- 主要な耐性生物の疫学を分析する.
- 抗生物質耐性危機への解決策を探求する.
主な方法:
- PubMed,NIH REPORTER,およびClinicalTrials.gov (2000年〜2016年) で検索しました.
- AMRの疫学,臨床効果,新薬,非薬学的戦略に焦点を当てた.
- 選択された103件の記事,データベース,および健康政策文書をレビューした.
主要な成果:
- AMRは 抗生物質の不適切な処方や 処方箋外の使用や 細菌の遺伝によって引き起こされます
- 新しい抗菌薬の開発を妨げているのは 不十分な経済的インセンティブです
- カーバペネムとコリスチンに抵抗するグラム陰性生物は,臨床的な課題を提示する.
- 代替策としては,新しい抗菌剤の発見と 毒性因子の中和があります.
結論:
- AMRは現在の臨床実務に重大な課題をもたらします.
- 抗菌剤の改変と公衆衛生への介入は不可欠です
- 多剤耐性生物の影響を軽減するために 新しい抗菌戦略が不可欠です
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