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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
Published on: February 25, 2011
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人類が加速した地域での突然変異は 認知と社会的行動に 影響を及ぼします
Ryan N Doan1, Byoung-Il Bae1, Beatriz Cubelos2
1Division of Genetics and Genomics, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell
|September 27, 2016
まとめ
ヒトの加速領域 (HARs) の稀な変異は,同血症症例の5%で自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) に寄与する. これらのHARは 神経の発達と機能に不可欠です
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- 進化生物学
- 神経科学
背景:
- 人間の加速領域 (HAR) は,ヒトの特異的な特徴に潜在的に結びついている,ヒトの高度な差異を示す保存されたゲノム位置です.
- 社会的・行動的特徴を制御するHARの変異は 認知的・社会的障害に影響を与える可能性があります
研究 の 目的:
- 人体の発達におけるHARの機能的役割と,神経発達障害への潜在的貢献を調査する.
- 自閉症スペクトル障害 (ASD) に関する特定のHARおよび関連遺伝子を特定する.
主な方法:
- 希少なバイアレル点変異を特定するために,全ゲノムおよび標的"HAR-ome"シーケンス.
- クロマチンの相互作用シーケンシング,大量並列レポーターアッセイ (MPRA),およびトランスジェニックマウスで強化剤の活性を評価する.
- ASDを患った同族の変異頻度の分析を対照群と比較した.
主要な成果:
- 血縁の家族からのASDの個体では,希少なバイアレルHAR変異の有意な過剰が発見され,5%の貢献を示唆しました.
- CUX1,PTBP2,GPC4,CDKL5のような遺伝子の活性増強剤において,疾患関連バイアレル型HAR変異が確認された.
- これらの遺伝子は神経機能やASDに関与しています.
結論:
- 特定のHARは正常な神経発達に不可欠です.
- 遺伝的証拠は,ASDの病原性におけるHAR変異の役割を支持しています.
- HARの進化的変化は人間の社会的・認知的行動に影響を及ぼしたのかもしれない.
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