都市計画と人口の健康: 世界的な課題
Billie Giles-Corti1, Anne Vernez-Moudon2, Rodrigo Reis3
1University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 28, 2016
まとめ
都市計画を再考することは グローバルな健康にとって 極めて重要です 統合された都市デザインは 歩行,自転車,公共交通機関を奨励し 健康で持続可能な都市のために 非伝染性疾患や道路トラウマを減少させます
科学分野:
- 都市計画と公衆衛生
- 交通科学
- 環境 健康
背景:
- 21世紀の世界的な健康には 革新的な病気予防戦略が必要です
- 急速な都市化により,非伝染性疾患や交通事故など,公衆衛生に問題が生じています.
- 都市計画では 交通手段の選択によって 住民の健康に大きく影響を与えます
研究 の 目的:
- 積極的な移動と公共交通機関の利用を促進する統合都市計画介入を特定する.
- 民間自動車への依存を軽減し,それに関連する健康リスクを軽減する.
- 健康,持続可能性,居住可能性を優先する多部門の都市計画を支持する.
主な方法:
- 8つの統合された地域および地方の介入を特定した.
- 歩行,自転車,公共交通機関を奨励する方法を分析する.
- 民間自動車の使用削減への影響の評価
主要な成果:
- 目的地へのアクセシビリティの向上,雇用の公平な分配,駐車場管理などがあります.
- 歩行者/自転車に適したネットワークを設計し,住宅密度を最適化することが重要です.
- 公共交通機関の距離を短縮し, 活発な移動の望みを高めることが不可欠です.
結論:
- 統合都市計画により より健康で持続可能な コンパクトな都市が生まれます
- これらの戦略は環境的,社会的,行動的リスク要因を軽減します.
- 特に低所得国や中所得国では 健康に配慮した都市計画に 医療部門が主導的な役割を果たす必要があります
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