大気中のCO2の季節的サイクルの変化によって制限される土地の光合成計画
Sabrina Wenzel1, Peter M Cox2, Veronika Eyring1
1Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
Nature
|September 30, 2016
まとめ
二酸化炭素 (CO2) のレベルが上昇すると 植物の成長が加速しますが その正確な量は不明です この研究では,季節的なCO2サイクル変化を用いて,世界の植物生産性に対するCO2肥料化効果を制限しています.
科学分野:
- 気候科学
- エコロジー
- 生地化学
背景:
- 気候変化の予測は,大気中のCO2の上昇に対する未知の植物の反応のために,大きな不確実性があります.
- 気候変動と炭素循環のモデルでは,CO2が増加すると,地上の総初次生産性 (GPP) が向上するとされていますが,この肥料効果の大きさは大きく異なります (CO2が倍増すると20~60%増加します).
研究 の 目的:
- 大気中の季節性CO2サイクルの大幅度の変化を用いて,大規模なCO2肥料化における新たな制約を示す.
- 大気中のCO2測定と地球上のGPPの動向を気候と炭素サイクルモデルで結びつける.
主な方法:
- 大気中のCO2測定 (ポイント・バロー,アラスカ;ケープ・クムカヒ,ハワイ) と,気候・炭素サイクルモデルからの歴史的なシミュレーションの比較.
- CO2 季節周期の幅度と GPP の CO2 肥料化の大きさの関係に関する分析
主要な成果:
- 観測された二酸化炭素の季節性サイクル幅の上昇は,年間平均GPPの増加と一致しています.
- CO2肥料化における差異は,モデル傾向の広がりを説明する.
- 季節的なCO2の幅度とGPPのCO2肥料の大きさの間にはほぼ線形的な関係がある.
結論:
- GPPのCO2肥料化に関する新たな制約は,観測された季節的なCO2振幅の傾向から派生しています.
- CO2濃度が倍増した高緯度の生態系では,GPPの増加率は37±9%,熱帯外の生態系では32±9%と推定されている.
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