大人の糖尿病の流行における人種差は,肥満の違いによって説明されるのか?
T R O'Brien1, W D Flanders, P Decoufle
1Division of Chronic Disease Control, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA
|September 15, 1989
まとめ
黒人は,肥満を考慮した後でも,白人に比べて診断された糖尿病の罹患率が高くなります. この研究は,糖尿病における人種差異は,単に体脂肪の違いによるものではないことを示しています.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 内科内科は,内科の内科である.
背景:
- 糖尿病は,米国内の有病率における人種差異を観察した重要な公衆衛生上の問題です.
- 肥満は糖尿病の既知の危険因子であり,人種間の肥満率の差異は,糖尿病の罹患率の格差に寄与する可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 肥満における人種的差異が,米国における黒人における糖尿病のより高い流行を説明するかどうかを調査する.
- 黒人対白人の米軍退役軍人の診断された糖尿病と断食性高血糖症の有病率を調査し,主要な共変数を調整した.
主な方法:
- ベトナム時代のアメリカ陸軍退役軍人のコホート研究で,白人男性12,558人,黒人男性1,677人が30~47歳であった.
- 診断された糖尿病の有病率は評価され,肥満,教育,収入に調整された.
- 断食時の血糖値は,高血糖症 (≥7.8 mmol/L) の有病率を評価するために,サブグループで測定されました.
主要な成果:
- 黒人男性では白人男性よりも糖尿病と診断される可能性が著しく高かった (調整された罹患率 [aPR],1.9;95%CI,1.3〜2.7).
- 黒人男性における診断された糖尿病のより高い罹患率は,すべての年齢,肥満,社会経済的層にわたって持続しました.
- 黒人男性では,断食ハイパーグリセミアの確率がかなり高かった (aPR,5.7;95%CI,2.7~12.0).
結論:
- 黒人の間で診断された糖尿病のより高い罹患率は,肥満における人種差異によって説明されません.
- 糖尿病の流行における人種差は,肥満や社会経済的要因を考慮しても明らかである.
- これらの格差に寄与する根本的な生物学的および環境的要因を特定するために,さらなる研究が必要である.
関連する概念動画
Carbohydrate Metabolism
10.5K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
10.5K
Obesity
1.6K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.6K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.0K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
3.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.9K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
2.5K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.5K
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
57
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
57


