同位体データベースに基づく世界の化石燃料メタン排出量の向上
Stefan Schwietzke1,2, Owen A Sherwood3, Lori M P Bruhwiler2
1Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Nature
|October 7, 2016
まとめ
化石燃料によるメタンの排出量は 推定より60~10%高いが 増加していない. これは化石燃料産業が 気候変動の影響を軽減する より大きな可能性を提示しています
科学分野:
- 大気化学と気候科学
- 地化学と同位体分析
背景:
- メタンは強力な温室効果ガスで 二酸化炭素に次ぐ 放射性強制力です
- 特に化石燃料産業からの貢献は 完全に理解されていません
- 化石燃料の活動と天然の地質学的浸透はしばしば同じ場所にあり,排出量の評価を複雑にします.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界的なメタン予算と 化石燃料産業のメタン排出量への貢献を再評価する.
- 化石燃料の活動に関連するメタン排出の傾向を調査する.
- 同位体データを組み込み,工業と天然の漏れ源を区別することで,見積もりを洗練する.
主な方法:
- 長期の世界的なメタンとメタン炭素同位体の記録の分析
- 同位体メタン源シグネチャーの最大規模のデータベースをまとめました.
- 更新された同位体源シグネチャーに基づく排出量の見積もりを再評価する.
主要な成果:
- 化石燃料によるメタンの総排出量 (産業 + 地質学的浸出量) は,現在の推定値より60~110%高く,時間の経過とともに増加していません.
- 天然ガス,石油,石炭の生産と使用によるメタンの排出量は,天然の浸出を考慮すると,在庫の推定値より20%60%高い.
- 自然ガスからのメタンの排出は,生産の一部として,過去30年間に大幅に減少しました.
結論:
- 化石燃料産業は 人為的な気候変動を緩和する 可能性が以前考えられていたよりも大きいのです
- 更新された同位体データは,化石燃料からのメタン排出量の見積もりが大幅に修正しています.
- 化石燃料による総排出量の増加にもかかわらず,天然ガス生産はメタン排出量の減少傾向を示しています.
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