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The Bone Matrix01:18

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
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ザベラ魚の幼虫尾骨の鉱物形成は,酸性乱用カルシウムリン酸相によって発生する.

Anat Akiva1, Michael Kerschnitzki1, Iddo Pinkas2

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 76100, Israel.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 7, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

骨の形成には前駆的段階が乱れている. ゼブラフィッシュの尾翼骨の研究では,骨細胞界面で酸性,HPO4 ((2-) 濃縮された乱れたカルシウムリン酸相が明らかにされ,骨の鉱化に不可欠である.

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科学分野:

  • バイオミネラル化
  • 骨格生物学
  • 結晶化プロセス

背景:

  • 骨の鉱物形成は,乱れた先駆者相を含むと仮定されています.
  • 以前の研究では,オクタカルシウムリン酸のような,無形なカルシウムリン酸のような,およびHPO4 ((2-)) 濃縮された相が検出されました.
  • これらの前駆的段階の正確な性質と役割は,まだ不完全です.

研究 の 目的:

  • ゼブラフィッシュの尾翼の骨形成過程における鉱物相の特徴とマッピング
  • 骨格の発達における先駆者の役割を調査する.
  • 初期の骨鉱石の化学的および構造的性質を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • 生きたゼブラフィッシュの幼虫の鉱物相を分析する In vivo ラーマン光譜法
  • 高解像度の広角X線微分法 (WAXD) で,犠牲後のゼブラフィッシュの幼虫の鉱物相を調べる.
  • 尾翼骨の構造内の鉱物相の2μm解像度マッピング

主要な成果:

  • ラマン光学では,骨細胞界面でHPO4 ((2-)) 特徴を持つ酸性,乱れたカルシウムリン酸相を特定した.
  • WAXDは,炭酸ヒドロキシアパタイトとは異なる未確認の相を 骨組織との接点で検出した.
  • この前駆的段階は不安定なピーク位置を示し,成熟した骨結晶とコラーゲンと並べられました.

結論:

  • HPO4を含有する重要な乱れた前駆鉱物相は,ゼブラフィッシュの尾翼の骨収縮経路の不可欠な部分です.
  • これらの発見は 骨の鉱化に関する無秩序な前駆者モデルを支持する.
  • コラーゲンと前駆体相の密接な関連は,マトリックス媒介の鉱化におけるその役割を強調する.