幼少期の発達,成人期:生涯を通しての科学
Maureen M Black1, Susan P Walker2, Lia C H Fernald3
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; RTI International, Research Park, NC, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 9, 2016
まとめ
何百万もの幼い子供たちが 質の高い幼稚園教育を受けられないのです 児童の発達と生涯の幸福のために 公平で多部門の支援を確保するために 緊急の行動が必要である.
科学分野:
- 発達心理学
- 世界保健
- 公共政策
背景:
- 幼児発達プログラム (ECD) は,特に3歳未満の子供にとって,質とアクセスの点で大きな格差を示しています.
- 低所得国や中所得国の 5 歳未満の子供2億5千万人が 発育不全や貧困の危険にさらされています
- 神経科学の証拠を含む 重要な科学的な進歩は 初期の経験と生涯にわたる脳の発達との 重要な関係を強調しています
研究 の 目的:
- 幼少期の発達に関する最近の科学的進歩を検証する.
- 2000年以降のECDに関する全般的なコミットメントと政策の進展をレビューする.
- 多セクターで質の高いECDプログラムの必要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- 発育不全と貧困率を含む発育リスクの代理指標の分析
- 神経発達と早期逆境に関する科学文献のレビュー
- グローバルな政策枠組みとプログラムイニシアティブの検討
主要な成果:
- 低所得国や中所得国の5歳未満の子供の43%は 発達の可能性に リスクがかかっています
- 2000年以来,ECDに関する研究,プログラム,政策の進展が著しい.
- 神経科学の証拠は 早期の逆境と育児が 脳の発達に与える影響を確認しています
結論:
- 持続可能な開発目標を達成するために,公平で包括的な幼児教育政策とプログラムは不可欠です.
- 健康,栄養,安全,対応可能な介護,早期学習を含む質の高いECDの介入は極めて重要です.
- ECDへの投資は 知的スキル,創造性,健康的な成人の発達を促進します
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