流出洪水によるチャネリング・スカブランズの漸進的な切断
Isaac J Larsen1,2, Michael P Lamb2
1Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
Nature
|October 14, 2016
まとめ
大洪水が地球と火星に 渓谷を作り出しました 新しい研究は,浸食の値を考慮し,惑星の表面変化と気候変動の理解に影響を及ぼし,洪水排出量は以前よりも5〜10倍小さかったことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 地形学
- 惑星科学
- 水学
背景:
- 地球と火星を含む惑星の表面には 壊滅的な洪水によって形成された 大きな岩床の峡谷があります
- 洪水の大きさを推定することは,惑星の表面の変化,初期の火星の水文学,そして気候変動を理解するために重要です.
- 現在の洪水排出の見積もりでは,キャニオンは容量まで満たされていたが,別の仮説では侵食の値が考慮されている.
研究 の 目的:
- 渓谷形成の洪水排出の見積もりを調査する.
- 断崖の形状が 侵食の限界に適応するという仮説を 検証するためです
主な方法:
- 岩床侵食の限界を考慮してカニオンの切断をモデル化した.
- モデル結果を"全額"の洪水推定値と比較した.
- モーゼス・クーリーの 流水深度指標を分析した
主要な成果:
- モーゼス・カレーの推定値より5〜10倍低い,ほぼ恒常的な排出量を示した.
- これらの下部放出は,砂利棒の流れ深さの指標と整合しています.
- 氷河湖の噴出による 排水量が不現実で 単調に増加すると予測しました
結論:
- 破裂した岩石に洪水で彫られた風景は,岩床侵食の値状態に達する可能性があります.
- これは以前と比べると 洪水の排出量がかなり低いことを意味しています
- 地球と火星の洪水動態と景観の進化の理解を修正する.
関連する概念動画
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment
347
Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
347
Rapidly Varying Flow
606
Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
606
Quarrying of Stone
695
Quarrying is the process of extracting stone from a quarry, where specialized techniques are employed to remove large blocks of stone safely and efficiently. This process can involve controlled explosions or more precision-oriented methods such as cutting and drilling.
One common method involves using a diamond belt saw to cut large blocks from the quarry face. These blocks can be about 50 feet long and 12 feet high. After the initial vertical cut, drilling is performed at the base of the...
One common method involves using a diamond belt saw to cut large blocks from the quarry face. These blocks can be about 50 feet long and 12 feet high. After the initial vertical cut, drilling is performed at the base of the...
695
Design Example: Design of an Irrigation Channel
995
Trapezoidal channels are widely used in irrigation systems due to their cost-effectiveness and efficiency in conveying water. Trapezoidal channels feature a flat bottom and sloping sides, making them stable and easier to construct compared to other shapes. The bottom width and side slope ratio are determined based on the required flow capacity and site conditions. The side slope is kept gentle for unlined channels to prevent soil erosion.Hydraulic parameters in channel design include the flow...
995
Design Example: Maintaining Level of an Embankment
502
Constructing a roadway embankment over uneven terrain requires precise leveling to ensure stability and proper drainage. Surveyors use a leveling instrument and staff to calculate ground elevations and determine the required fill material at each point along the embankment alignment.The process begins by positioning a leveling instrument near a benchmark with a known elevation. A backsight reading establishes the instrument height, which serves as a reference for subsequent measurements. A...
502
Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls
551
Typically, a cavity wall consists of two wythes separated by a gap of at least 2 inches, which may contain insulation while still maintaining a minimum clear space of 1 inch to facilitate adequate drainage. Advanced methods like the insertion of a continuous drainage mat can further reduce this space while ensuring effective moisture expulsion.
Weep holes, strategically placed at the base of the cavity, are critical for draining accumulated water. These openings are created by leaving head...
Weep holes, strategically placed at the base of the cavity, are critical for draining accumulated water. These openings are created by leaving head...
551


