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単一のメタノゲンによる石炭からのメタン生産

Daisuke Mayumi1, Hanako Mochimaru1, Hideyuki Tamaki2

  • 1Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan.

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|October 15, 2016
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まとめ

微生物のメタノゲネシスにより 石炭に含まれる複雑な芳香化合物が利用できます この発見により 天然ガスの形成と 炭素の循環に関する理解が広がりました

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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • 地化学
  • 有機化学

背景:

  • 石炭床のメタンは重要な非伝統的な天然ガス資源です.
  • 炭床メタンの形成における微生物活動の役割は認められているが,メタノゲーゼスのための複雑な芳香化合物の利用は不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 炭鉱に存在する複雑な芳香化合物からメタンを生成するメタノゲンの可能性を調査する.
  • この新しい形態のメタノゲネシスに関与する代謝経路を解明する.

主な方法:

  • 地下深くから生じるメタノゲンの分離と栽培,特にメテルミコックスの種.
  • メタノゲンを様々なメトキシル化アロマティック化合物 (MAC) とMACを含む石炭サンプルでインキュベーションする.
  • 生物化学的経路を理解するために,メタンの生成と代謝副産物の分析.

主要な成果:

  • メタノゲンは30種類以上のメトキシル化芳香化合物 (MAC) からメタンを生成する能力を示した.
  • メタンの生成は,MACを含む石炭からも観察された.
  • O- 脱メチル化,CO2減少,および潜在的にアセチル- コエンザイムA代謝を含む新しい"メトオキシドトロフィック"メタノゲーゼス経路が特定されました.

結論:

  • メトオキシドトロフィックメタノゲネシスは,1および2炭素化合物を利用する天然ガス形成の新しい経路を表しています.
  • 地下堆積物中のリグニンから派生したMACの広範な発生は,この経路が石炭床メタンおよび潜在的に他の天然ガス形成にとって重要であることを示唆しています.
  • この過程は地球規模の炭素循環に 重要な役割を果たしているようです