遺伝的適応とネアンデルタール人の混合が ヒトの免疫系を形作りました
Hélène Quach1, Maxime Rotival1, Julien Pothlichet1
1Human Evolutionary Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; CNRS, URA3012, Paris 75015, France; Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
Cell
|October 22, 2016
まとめ
ヒトの免疫反応は 遺伝的要因により 人種によって大きく異なります この研究では ネアンデルタール人の混合物を含む遺伝的変異が ウイルスの脅威に対する反応として これらの違いに影響を及ぼすことを明らかにしています
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 人間 の 遺伝子
- 進化生物学
背景:
- ヒトの集団は病原体に曝露した後に様々な結果を示します.
- これらの免疫反応の違いを誘発する遺伝的および進化的要因は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- アフリカとヨーロッパの単細胞の転写免疫反応を特徴づける.
- 集団特有の免疫変異の遺伝的決定因子 (eQTL) を特定する.
- 免疫反応の形成における 自然選択と古来の添加物の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- アフリカ人とヨーロッパ人の原始単細胞の RNA 配列解析
- バクテリアおよびウイルスリガンドによる刺激により,トール型受容体 (TLR) 経路が活性化されます.
- 表現量的な特性の位置 (eQTLs) のマッピング.
主要な成果:
- 免疫反応における集団の違いを説明する多数のcis- eQTLを特定した.
- TLR1でトランス-eQTLホットスポットを発見し,ヨーロッパ人の炎症性遺伝子発現を低下させた.
- 自然選択の信号で 免疫反応の多様性を発見した
- ネアンデルタール人の添加物は,ヨーロッパ人のウイルス反応に影響を及ぼす規制変種を導入しました.
結論:
- シス・eQTLとトランス・eQTLを含む遺伝的変異は,免疫反応における集団の違いを大きく左右する.
- 自然淘汰と 古代の侵入が 免疫系の進化を形作りました
- これらの決定因子を理解することは,病原体に対する異なる宿主反応を説明するために極めて重要です.
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