遺伝的祖先と自然選択が 病原体に対する免疫反応の違いを 引き起こす
Yohann Nédélec1, Joaquín Sanz1, Golshid Baharian1
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada; Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada.
Cell
|October 22, 2016
まとめ
遺伝的祖先は 細菌感染に対する免疫反応に影響します アフリカの祖先は 強い炎症と より良い病原体制御に結びついています 自然選択によって形成された 遺伝的変異によって引き起こされるのです
科学分野:
- 人間遺伝学
- 免疫学
- 集団遺伝学
背景:
- 免疫系が病気に罹患する確率は 人種によって異なります
- 遺伝的多様性や自然選択は これらの違いに影響を与える 重要な要因です
研究 の 目的:
- 細菌感染時のマクロファージの遺伝子発現に アフリカとヨーロッパの祖先が与える影響を調査する.
- 祖先に関連した免疫反応の遺伝的基礎と進化史を理解する.
主な方法:
- 異なる祖先の個体からの主要なマクロファージは,生きている細菌の病原体にさらされました.
- 転写反応は,祖先に関連した遺伝子発現の違いを特定するために分析された.
- 免疫応答の変異に対する遺伝的制御を決定するために,発現量的な特征ロシ (eQTL) を使用した.
主要な成果:
- マクロファージの遺伝子の9.3%は,祖先に関連した感染への反応の違いを示した.
- アフリカの祖先は 炎症反応の増大と 細胞内細菌の増殖の減少と相関していました
- 遺伝的要因,特に単一のeQTLは,804の遺伝子の免疫反応に対する祖先の影響の重要な部分 (75%以上) を説明しました.
- 免疫反応遺伝子は 最近の集団特有の適応シグネチャーに 濃縮されることが示されました
結論:
- 歴史的な自然淘汰が 人間の免疫多様性を形作っています
- 遺伝的祖先は 感染症に対する感受性と反応の違いにおいて 重要な役割を果たします
- これらの遺伝的基盤を理解することは 感染制御と免疫関連疾患に対処するために不可欠です
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