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関連する概念動画

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

13.7K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
13.7K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.6K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
49.6K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.6K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
13.6K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

4.3K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.3K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

6.6K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
6.6K
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

6.6K
G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical,...
6.6K

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Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
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Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

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嗅覚受容体の偽偽原体

Lucia L Prieto-Godino1, Raphael Rytz1, Benoîte Bargeton1

  • 1Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature
|November 4, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

偽遺伝子は通常非機能的ですが,早期終結コドンを持つドロソフィラ受容体遺伝子 (Ir75a) は,トランスレーションによる読み込みで機能するタンパク質を生成します. この"偽偽原体"現象は,嗅覚受容体の進化において広く見られる.

さらに関連する動画

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay
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Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 13, 2026

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

7.5K
Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay
09:11

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Published on: October 2, 2017

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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

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科学分野:

  • ゲノミクス
  • 進化生物学
  • 神経科学

背景:

  • 偽遺伝子は一般的に遺伝子変異によって生じる非機能的なDNA配列とみなされる.
  • 偽遺伝子由来RNAには規制機能があるが,機能的な偽遺伝子由来タンパク質はほとんど不明である.
  • 嗅覚受容体遺伝子ファミリーは,選択圧力の緩和により,しばしば偽遺伝子を含んでいる.

研究 の 目的:

  • ドロソフィラ・セセリアのイオントロピー性グルタミン酸受容体内の特定の偽遺伝子を特徴付ける.
  • D.セセリア Ir75aロカスにおける早期終結コドン (PTC) の機能的影響を調査する.
  • 擬似構造における翻訳的な読み込みの進化的および機能的意義を探求する.

主な方法:

  • D.セセリア Ir75aの遺伝子配列と分析
  • PTCの翻訳的な読み込みを検出し,分析するための機能検査.
  • ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターとD. sechellia Ir75aの比較分析
  • リガンド結合領域の変異と匂いの調節特性の調査

主要な成果:

  • D. sechellia Ir75aロカスには,集団内に固定されている早期終結コドン (PTC) が含まれています.
  • PTCの効率的な翻訳的な読み込みは,機能的なD. sechellia Ir75a受容体タンパク質の生成を可能にします.
  • 読み込みはニューロン特異であり,終末コドン型ではなく,下流配列に依存する.
  • D.セセリア Ir75aは,そのオルトローグと比較して,リガンド結合領域の変化による匂いの調整が変化しています.
  • 他の嗅覚受容体レパートリーと種で機能的なPTC含有部位が特定されました.

結論:

  • 偽遺伝子,特にPTCを持つものは,トランスレーションによる読み込みを通じて機能性タンパク質をコードし,非機能性指定に異議を唱えます.
  • "偽偽遺伝子"現象は,嗅覚受容体レパートリーにおける機能的多様性を生み出すために,潜在的に広範なメカニズムを表しています.
  • リガンド結合ドメインの進化的適応は,PTCを持つ遺伝子にも新しい化学感知機能を与える可能性があります.