アフリカのハート: 逆境に逆らって成功
1Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; The Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Soweto Cardiovascular Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Lancet (London, England)
|October 30, 2016
まとめ
サハラ以南のアフリカでは 都市化や生活習慣の変化により 心臓病の負担が増加しています これに対処するには 高血圧やリウマチ性心疾患などの 医療制度の改善が必要です
科学分野:
- 心臓病科
- 公衆衛生
- 流行病学について
背景:
- サハラ以南のアフリカでは 人口が急激に変化し 都市化が進み 生活習慣が変化しています
- これらの変化は高血圧性心疾患,冠動脈疾患,リウマチ性心疾患,心筋病,先天性心疾患などの心疾患の増加と相関しています.
- 検診施設の不足,診断の遅延,医療の不足が 管理不良の心臓不全の大きな負担に繋がっています
研究 の 目的:
- 1992年以来,南アフリカにおける心臓病の状況の進化について,個人的な視点を提供するためです.
- サハラ以南のアフリカで流行する心臓病の理解における主要な研究成果をまとめます.
- 伝染性心疾患と非伝染性心疾患の両方を管理するための医療制度の重要なギャップを特定する.
主な方法:
- クリス・ハニ・バラグワナット病院の 個人的な経験と臨床観察のレビュー
- Heart of Soweto,THESUS,REMEDY,BA-HEF,Abeokuta-HF,PAPUCOなどの主要な研究から得られた結果をまとめました.
- 伝染性心疾患と非伝染性心疾患の二重流行に対する医療制度の対応の分析
主要な成果:
- サハラ以南のアフリカでよく見られる心臓病の流行病学と病理生理学を理解する上で重要な進歩です.
- 現在進行中の研究は,最適の治療管理戦略を調査しています.
- 心臓病専門医のネットワークが設立され 共同研究とケアが促進されています
結論:
- アフリカの心臓医学には 影響力のある研究と 患者の治療成果の改善に 大きな機会があります
- 心臓病の流行に 対処するには 革新的なアプローチと 専用の資金が必要です
- 心臓病の負担を軽減するには,医療インフラと早期診断が不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
01:27Development of the Heart
3.3K
The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
3.3K
00:53Migration
9.0K
Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
9.0K
01:43Sustainable Development
15.4K
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
15.4K
02:22The Colonization of Land
38.3K
Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
38.3K
01:13Location and Orientation of the Heart
12.6K
The human heart, despite its modest size and weight, is an organ of remarkable strength and endurance. Roughly the size of a fist, the heart weighs between 250 and 350 grams and is nestled within the mediastinum, the medial cavity of the thorax. It extends obliquely for about 12 to 14 cm, resting on the superior surface of the diaphragm. The heart is positioned anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum, with two-thirds of its mass lying to the left of the midsternal line.
12.6K
01:17Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
4.3K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.3K