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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

4.1K
As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
4.1K
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

1.8K
1.8K
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

3.9K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
3.9K
Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

4.0K
During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
4.0K
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

4.4K
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
4.4K
The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

8.2K
The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
8.2K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

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MIS12/MIND コントロール キネトコア

Rene Ladurner1, Aaron F Straight1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell
|November 5, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

キネトコア複合体,MIS12とMINDは構造的に明らかにされ,細胞分裂のためにクロモソームとマイクロチューブルをどのように結びつけるかを詳細に説明しました. これらの発見は,ミトーシス中の正確な染色体分離のための重要なメカニズムを明らかにします.

さらに関連する動画

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
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Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

Published on: May 3, 2018

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
05:35

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Published on: March 3, 2016

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
08:33

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay
12:26

Identification of Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 Specific Phosphorylation Sites by an In Vitro Kinase Assay

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科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • キネトコアは,染色体と微小管の結合を媒介する重要な多タンパク質構造である.
  • ミトーシス中の正確な染色体分離は,機能的なキネトコアに依存しています.
  • MIS12とMIND複合体はキネトコアの重要な構成要素である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 人間のMIS12と発芽酵母MINDキネトコア複合体の構造的組織を解明する.
  • キネトコアと微小管の相互作用を制御する制御メカニズムを特定する.
  • 染色体分離の分子の基礎に 洞察を与えるため

主な方法:

  • 複雑な構造を決定するために,X線結晶学と冷凍電子顕微鏡を用いた.
  • 調節メカニズムを調査するために生化学的測定法を使用した.
  • 人間と酵母複合体の比較分析が行われた.

主要な成果:

  • 人間のMIS12と酵母MIND複合体の詳細な構造が解明されました.
  • これらの複合体内の重要な規制相互作用が特定されました.
  • 構造的な洞察は,これらの複合体がどのように微小管の結合を容易にするかを説明します.

結論:

  • この研究は,MIS12とMINDのキネトコア複合体の構造を明らかにした.
  • これらの構造を理解することで,染色体と微小管の結合のメカニズムが明らかになる.
  • この研究は,ミトスの染色体分離に関する私たちの知識を進めている.