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東太平洋上昇における海底拡散エピソードの動態
Yen Joe Tan1, Maya Tolstoy1, Felix Waldhauser1
1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA.
Nature
|November 15, 2016
まとめ
海底が急速に広がるのは 磁気圧だけでなく 構造的ストレスによるものです このストレスがマグマの動きと 噴火を引き起こし 海洋中部の山脈の動態に関する 新たな洞察を明らかにします
科学分野:
- 地理学
- 構造学
- 海洋学
背景:
- 海底の広がりは主に観察されず,主に海中の山脊で発生します.
- マントルの羽根の影響で ゆっくり広がるセンターの陸上観測から 推測される.
- 海底の広がりにおける マグマの圧力と 構造的ストレスの相互作用は 明らかになっていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 海底の広がりにおける マグマの圧力と 構造的ストレスの役割を調査する.
- 噴火の発生と拡散を分析する.
主な方法:
- 東太平洋の噴火を監視するために 地震観測を利用した.
- マグマの移動と噴火に関連する地震の空間的範囲とタイミングを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 噴火は小さな,溶融豊かなセグメントで始まり,ストレス変化により広がった.
- 破裂は,重要な構造的ストレスにより,山頂軸の重要な部分 (少なくとも35 km) に沿って発生した.
- 溶岩は48時間以内に複数の孤立したマグマレンズから噴出し,上昇速度は変動しました.
結論:
- 磁気圧は海底の広がりにも大きな役割を果たし,マグマが豊富にある山脈でも急速に広がります.
- この発見は,マグマの過剰圧力が 拡散の唯一の原動力であるという考えに 異議を唱えています
- この研究は,海中脊の進化を制御する ダイナミックなプロセスに関する 重要な洞察を提供します
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