光合成と作物の生産性を改善する

Johannes Kromdijk¹, Katarzyna Głowacka^2,3, Lauriebeth Leonelli⁴

¹Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 19, 2016

まとめ

タバコの植物を影に素早く反応するようにバイオエンジニアリングすることで光合成が改善され生産性が15%向上しましたこの光保護の突破は農作物の収穫量を持続的に増やすことができます

科学分野:

植物生物学
光合成の研究
農業科学

背景:

植物は余分な光エネルギーを熱として散らばって損傷を防ぐのです
この光保護メカニズムは遮蔽後も長く存在し,光合成と作物の収穫量を減少させます.
田んぼの作物では,日陰への反応が遅いため,収穫の損失は20%に達する可能性があります.

研究の目的:

生物工学で植物に光保護反応を加速させるのです
変動する光の条件下で二酸化炭素の吸収と植物生産性を向上させる.
農作物の生産性を向上させるための概念証明を提供すること.

主な方法:

ニコチア (たばこ) の遺伝子組み換えで光保護機構が変化する
植物の反応を自然にシミュレートする
葉の二酸化炭素吸収と植物の乾燥物質の生産性を測定する.

主要な成果:

人工タバコはシミュレートされたシェーディングに対して反応が加速した.
葉の二酸化炭素吸収の増加は,改造された植物で観察されました.
植物の乾燥物質の生産性は,変動する光条件で約15%増加しました.

結論:

光保護反応の加速は植物の生産性を大幅に高めます
変化したメカニズムは,花の植物の間で保存され,広範な適用可能性を示唆しています.
この研究は食糧作物の収穫を持続的に増やすための道を示しています

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