バクテリアは,毒性にとって不可欠な植物内の水性生息空間を確立する
Xiu-Fang Xin1, Kinya Nomura1, Kyaw Aung1,2
1Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Nature
|November 25, 2016
まとめ
湿度が高いと 葉の表面が濡れるので 植物の病気を助長します バクテリアの毒素は これを悪用して 無害なバクテリアを病原体に変えて 植物の内部で水で満たされた空間を形成します
科学分野:
- 植物病理学
- 微生物生態学
- 植物と微生物の分子相互作用
背景:
- 高い湿度が植物界の病気に大きく影響する.
- 植物の病原性における湿度の役割の基礎となる分子メカニズムは,ほとんど不明のままである.
- 以前の研究では 細菌感染の主な要因として 免疫抑制に焦点を当てていました
研究 の 目的:
- 湿度が植物病の発生に及ぼす影響の分子基礎を調査する.
- フィロスフィアのバクテリア感染に関わる免疫抑制以外の新しいメカニズムを特定する.
- 高湿度下での感染に有利な条件を確立するバクテリアエフェクターの役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- Pseudomonas syringae (P. syringae) とArabidopsis thalianaのモデルが使用されている.
- 細菌エフェクタ HopM1 とその宿主標的 AtMIN7 の機能を調査した.
- AtMIN7に欠陥のある4倍変異体と 免疫パターンを誘発した
- 湿度に依存する微生物群の変化を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 病原体による水性アポプラストの確立が,高湿度下でのフィロスフィアの感染に不可欠であることを示した.
- HopM1のようなバクテリアエフェクターがアポプラストの水分蓄積を誘導することを示した.
- これらのエフェクターは高湿度条件下で非病原性P.シリンガを 毒性の高い病原体に変換することが証明された.
- 感受性の高いアラビドプシス変異体における内生菌群の湿度依存性ディスバイオシスを観察した.
結論:
- 植物界における植物と細菌の相互作用を理解するための新しい概念的枠組みを確立し,湿度の役割を強調した.
- 細菌エフェクターによって誘発されるアポプラストの水分化の重要性を,重要な毒性戦略として強調した.
- 湿度とアポプラストの水と 植物の微生物の安定性との関係を明らかにしました
関連する概念動画
01:28Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing
824
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
824
02:11The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition
47.7K
Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
47.7K
02:26Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores
29.8K
Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
29.8K
01:30Bacterial Signaling
42.7K
Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
42.7K
02:50Transgenic Plants
8.9K
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
8.9K
01:29Biofilms
1.7K
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
1.7K