アロパトリとシンパトリにおけるバクテリオファージ・ラムダの生態学的分化

Justin R Meyer¹, Devin T Dobias^2,3, Sarah J Medina⁴

¹Division of Biology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. justin.raymond.meyer@gmail.com.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 26, 2016

まとめ

異種化の研究は難しいものですバクテリオファージ・ラムダは異なる宿主細菌で異なる受容体好みを進化させ, 遺伝的不適合性による急速なアロパトリックおよびシンパトリックの異種化を示した.

科学分野:

進化生物学
微生物遺伝学
種化研究

背景:

生物の寿命と生殖戦略により,種種を研究することは複雑である.
以前の研究はしばしば長生き種や無性微生物に焦点を当てており,急速な種化の理解を制限していました.

研究の目的:

急速な生成時間を備えたモデル生物を用いて,種化に有利な条件を調査する.
バクテリオファージ・ラムダにおけるアロパトリックとシンパトリックの種化メカニズムを比較する.

主な方法:

バクテリオファージ・ラムダは,異なる受容体 (LamBとOmpF) を有する2つのエシェリキア・コライ宿主遺伝子型で増殖した.
実験は単一宿主 (アロパトリ) と混合宿主 (シンパトリ) の両方で実施された.

主要な成果:

アロパトリでは,ファグ・ラムダは特定の宿主受容体に適応し,代替に対する親和性を失います.
シンパトリでは,ファージ・ラムダが異なる受容体偏好を持つ2つの系統に分散した.
遺伝的不適合性によって繁殖的孤立を発展させた.

結論:

アロパトリックとシンパトリックの両方の種化は,適切な条件下で迅速かつ同様に容易に行われる.
バクテリオファージ・ラムダはウイルスの種化メカニズムを研究するための価値あるモデルとして機能する.

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